单选题 There is no question that some "greenwashing" is going on in the corporate world. Bayern-werk, a Bavarian utility, began selling "Aqua Power" last year when Germany began to let customers choose their electricity supplier. Bayern-werk markets Aqua Power as 100 percent green, renewable, hydroelectric energy. But any customer who signs up gets power from the same mix of sources as before: hydro, gas, coal and nuclear. Nothing changes except some accounting, and there is no net benefit to the environment. There is a benefit, though, to Bayernwerk, which charges more for Aqua Power and has been swamped with orders for it.
Greenwashing takes many forms. "Companies often advertise themselves as environmentally friendly even though they might have some pretty hideous environment records," says Jill Johnson of the group Earth Day 2002. California's PG&E, the utility that settled out of court after the real Erin Brockovich accused it of polluting groundwater, runs pro-environmental ads. But PG&E is due in court in November on charges of polluting wells in a second California town. "PG&E has a very good environmental track record," says spokesman Greg Pruett, citing recycling and waste reduction. Weyerhaeuser, the timber company, cuts old-growth trees in Canada but trumpets the 100 million tree seedlings it will plant this year.
Overall, the greening of corporate America is real and has not been as hard to achieve as some environmental activists imagined. That is especially true for greenhouse gases and climate change, the focus of Earth Day 2000. "Now there is more recognition by companies that there may be an economic advantage to reducing emissions of greenhouse gases," says Paul Portney, president of the think tank Resources for the Future. More and more companies are changing the way they heat and light their buildings and design their factories to reduce greenhouse gas emissions as well as their energy bills. (Energy-efficiency upgrades can save a company roughly $1 per square foot of office or factory space every year.) The reductions often exceed those called for in the 1997 international agreement on greenhouse warming called Kyoto Treaty, whose goal of reducing greenhouse emissions 7 percent from their 2000 levels is deemed so threatening to the economy by many oil, coal and chemical companies that the White House does not dare to submit to the Senate for ratification.
单选题 The "Aqua Power", sold by the Germany utility Bayernwerk, is ______.
  • A. green energy
  • B. less expensive
  • C. ordinary electricity
  • D. not popular
【正确答案】 C
【答案解析】细节题。根据文章第一段,Bayernwerk公司出售Aqua Power,在推销时称该能源为百分之百绿色的、可更新的、水力电气能源,但申请该能源的消费者得到的能源的来源却跟从前一样:水、煤气、煤、核。除了账目上有点变化外,其他什么都一样,而且对环境毫无益处。由此可知,Aqua Power实际上就是一种普通的能源,而并非该公司所号称的绿色能源,所以正确答案应为C,而不是A。
单选题 By "greenwashing", the author of the passage probably means ______.
  • A. reducing and recycling waste
  • B. advertising green products
  • C. planting tree seedlings
  • D. appearing pro-environmental
【正确答案】 D
【答案解析】综合理解题。根据对第一段Bayernwerk公司事例分析,以及在第二段中作者又讲到的:有的公司把自己宣传成是保护环境的公司(advertise themselves as environmentally friendly),而实际上可能有许多恶劣的侵害环境的记录,并且以PG&E公司为例,指出该公司推出爱护环境的广告(pro-environmental ads),而实际上还在污染地下水。由此可知,greenwashing一词就是指公司把自己“清洗成绿色”,亦即使自己表面上看起来是爱护环境的,所以D是正确答案。
单选题 The reductions on greenhouse gas emissions, called for in the Kyoto Treaty, turned out to be ______.
  • A. too dangerous for the U.S. economy
  • B. unrealistic for the year 2000
  • C. good for oil, coal and chemical companies
  • D. not too difficult to achieve in the U.S.
【正确答案】 D
【答案解析】细节题。根据第三段后半部分所讲,现在公司越来越意识到减少温室气体的排放可能会带来经济效益,因此纷纷采取措施,温室气体的减少经常超过1997年《京都议定书》要求的目标。因此可知D是正确答案。当时《京都议定书》要求温室气体排放在2000年的水平上减少7%,当时美国认为这威胁到美国经济,所以没敢提交参议院核准。因此A和B都与此意思不符。C在文章中没有提及。
单选题 Companies like PG&E and Weyerhaeuser tried to promote their environmental image because they ______.
  • A. realize its economic advantage
  • B. would like to be environmentally friendly
  • C. would defend themselves against charges
  • D. know the importance of sustainable growth
【正确答案】 C
【答案解析】细节题。作者在第二段中讲到PG&E和Weyerhaeuser公司。PG&E由于污染地下水曾被告上法庭,现在它的广告声称自己是爱护环境的,可是由于它仍在污染水井而再次被告上法庭。Weyerhaeuser公司是一家木材公司,它在加拿大砍伐大量古树,却同时又鼓吹它将要种植1亿棵树苗。由此可知,它们这样做无非是为自己侵害环境的行为辩护。故C是正确答案。
单选题 The author wrote this passage probably to show that ______.
  • A. most companies have a good environmental track record
  • B. actions are truly taken by companies to protect the environment
  • C. the real motive of companies' actions are self-centered
  • D. serious damages usually occur beneath the surface
【正确答案】 B
【答案解析】主旨题。本文前两段先用几个事例讲了现在企业界内出现不实际的绿色行动。但最后一段总结说,总体上美国企业界的绿色行动是实实在在的,而且也没有环境激进者们想的那么难以实现。事实上,许多公司已采取各种行动减少温室气体的排放,并且已经取得了成效。由此可知,作者的目的是在说明这一点,故B是正确答案。