top-down model (reading)
There are three models in reading teaching: Bottom-up model; Top-down model; and Interactive model. Top-down model is based on Schema Theory that one’s background knowledge plays a more important role than new words and new structures in reading comprehension. During this model, the teaching process is to teach the background knowledge first so that students equipped with such knowledge will be able to guess meaning from the printed page and the reading process is regarded as a psychological guessing game.