单选题 Anthropology is the study of human beings as creatures of society. It (1) its attention upon those. physical characteristics and industrial techniques, those conventions and values, which (2) one community from all others that belong to a different tradition.
The distinguishing mark of anthropology among the social sciences is that it includes for serious study other societies (3) our own. For its purposes any social (4) of mating and reproduction is as significant as our own. To the anthropologist our customs and those of a New Guinea tribe are two possible social schemes for (5) a common problem, and in so far as he remains an anthropologist he is (6) to avoid any weighting of one (7) the other. He is interested in human behavior, not as it is shaped by one tradition, our own, but as it has been shaped by any tradition (8) He is interested in a wide (9) of custom that is found in various cultures, and his object is to understand the way in which these cultures change and (10) , the different forms through which they express themselves and the (11) in which the customs of any peoples function in the lives of the (12) .
Now custom has not been commonly regarded as a (13) of any great moment. The inner workings of our own brains we feel to be uniquely (14) of investigation, but custom, we have a way of thinking, is behavior at its most commonplace. (15) , it is the other way round. Traditional custom is a mass of detailed behavior more astonishing than (16) any one person can ever evolve in individual actions. Yet that is a rather (17) aspect of the matter. The fact (18) first rate importance is the predominant role that custom (19) in experience and belief, and the very great varieties it may (20)

单选题 [A] pays [B] revolves [C] fastens [D] draws
【正确答案】 C
【答案解析】根据介词upon可判断答案为[C]，短语fasten attention on/upon意为“把注意力集中在……”，其他选项不合搭配。[A]与[D]常用搭配为：pay/draw attention to“把注意力投向……”；[B]revolves常用搭配为：revolve around“围绕”，如：Her life revolved around tennis.“她的生活以网球为中心。”
单选题 [A] distinguish [B] prohibit [C] dispel [D] exempt
【正确答案】 A
【答案解析】distinguish A from B“使A区别于B”。其他选项词义和用法举例分别为：[B]prohibit“禁止，阻止”，如：prohibit sb. from doing sth.“禁止某人做某事”；[C]dispel“驱散，驱逐”，如：dispel the notion“去除某观念”；[D]exempt“免除”，如：exempt sb. from military service“使某人免除服兵役”。
单选题 [A] of [B] from [C] for [D] than
【正确答案】 D
【答案解析】由于人类学研究的其他社会和我们自己的社会之间是并列关系，所以选择[D]，other than意为“除了”，如：There is nobody here other than me.“这里除了我没有别人。”其他选项不合逻辑和文意。
单选题 [A] regulation [B] execution [C] prosecution [D] disposition
【正确答案】 A
【答案解析】of前后两部分是动宾关系，四个选项中能够与mating and reproduction构成符合逻辑的选择为[A]，regulation of mating and reproduction意为“婚配和生殖的规则”，其他选项不符合文意和逻辑。[B]execution“实行，执行”；[C]prosecution“起诉”；[D]disposition“性情，处置”。
单选题 [A] meditating on [B] imposing on [C] tangling with [D] dealing with
【正确答案】 D
【答案解析】社会体系是为处理问题而建立的，只有[D]符合搭配和文意。其他选项意思分别为：[A]meditating on“对……深思熟虑”；[B]imposing on“把……强加给”；[C]tangling with“与……吵架”。
单选题 [A] acknowledged [B] authorized [C] bound [D] credited
【正确答案】 C
【答案解析】根据常识，人类学家不应该认为一个习俗比另一个习俗更有优势，所以选[C]。be bound to do意为“一定，应当”，其他选项不符合文意。[A]acknowledged“承认，承认……的权威”；[B]authorized“批准，授权”；[D]credited“信赖，称赞，归功于”。
单选题 [A] in favor of [B] instead of [C] rather than [D] in contrast with
【正确答案】 A
【答案解析】与weight“偏重”搭配的介词通常为in favor of和against，weight against/in favor of意为“对……不利/有利”，如：evidence weighted against the defendant“对被告不利的证据”。其他选项不合文意或搭配。
单选题 [A] however [B] though [C] whatsoever [D] indeed
【正确答案】 C
【答案解析】根据文意，这里需要表示强调任何传统的副词，所以排除表示转折或让步关系的[A]however和[B]though；[D]indeed通常强调肯定意义，在句中不适用。因此选择[C]，whatsoever与whatever同义，表示强调任何事情。
单选题 [A] option [B] span [C] prototype [D] range
【正确答案】 D
【答案解析】能够用wide修饰的选项只有[D]，range意为“范围，领域”，其他不合搭配。[A]option“选择权，挑选”；[B]span“跨度”，常用short或long修饰，如：short attention span“短暂的注意力”；[C]prototype“原型，典型”，如：the prototype of the older statesman“老政治家的原型”。
单选题 [A] deviate [B] fluctuate [C] differentiate [D] segregate
【正确答案】 C
【答案解析】这一段主要讲述人类学家对不同社会及习俗的研究，根据后文的different forms可以判断选项为[C]，differentiate意为“区分，区别，使……不同”。其他选项不合文意。[A]deviate“脱离，偏离”，如：deviate from the schedule“脱离日程表”；[B]fluctuate“起伏，波动”如：the fluctuating price of oil“石油价格的波动”；[D]segregate“分离，隔离”，如：segregate sb. from the Community“把某人与团体隔离”。
单选题 [A] manner [B] means [C] case [D] context
【正确答案】 A
【答案解析】选项应该与上文的forms“形式”在语意上有并列关系，所以排除表示情形或背景的[C]case和[D]context；[B]means“方法，手段”通常与by连用，在文中不合搭配，因此选[A]，in the manner意为“以……样式”。
单选题 [A] personnel [B] locality [C] natives [D] individuals
【正确答案】 D
【答案解析】人类学家研究习俗在人们生活中的作用，所以排除[A]personnel“全体人员”和[B]locality“位置，地点”；[C]natives“本地人，土著人”在文中意义不够全面，所以选[D]，individuals指“个人，个体”，符合文意。
单选题 [A] subject [B] object [C] objective [D] subjective
【正确答案】 A
【答案解析】根据文中主题和后文的investigation可判断答案为[A]，subject意为“学科，科目”。其他不合文意。[B]object“物体，目标，对象”；[C]objective“客观的，真实的”；[D]subjective“主观的，个人的”。
单选题 [A] worth [B] worthwhile [C] worthy [D] rewarding
【正确答案】 C
【答案解析】能够与of搭配的选项为[C]，be worthy of意为“值得”，如：be worthy of attention“值得注意”。其他选项用法为：be worth sth./doing“值……/值得做”；(it)be worthwhile to do“值得做”；rewarding与worthwhile用法一样。
单选题 [A] As a matter of fact [B] On the whole
[C] In general [D] On the other hand
【正确答案】 A
【答案解析】这一句与上句之间有转折关系，所以排除表示总结归纳的表达法[B]On the whole“总的来说”和[C]In general“大体上”；[D]On the other hand表示一个事情的另外一面。只有[A]表示转折关系，As a matter of fact意为“事实上”。
单选题 [A] that [B] why [C] how [D] what
【正确答案】 D
【答案解析】其他选项不符合语法或文意。
单选题 [A] vulgar [B] lofty [C] grim [D] trivial
【正确答案】 D
【答案解析】这句与下句有转折关系，根据first rate importance可以判断答案为[D]，trivial意为“琐碎的，不重要的”，其他选项不合文意。[A]vulgar“粗俗的，庸俗的”；[B]lofty“高的，崇高的”；[C]grim“冷酷的，可怕的”。
单选题 [A] in [B] of [C] at [D] to
【正确答案】 B
【答案解析】of常与一些名词如use，help，importance，significance，worth，value，character，spirit等构成后置定语，其意义相当于这个词的形容词，the fact of first rate importance意为“头等重要的事实”，其他选项不合搭配。
单选题 [A] functions [B] plays [C] makes [D] leads
【正确答案】 B
【答案解析】常与role“角色”构成动宾搭配的动词为：have，play，take等。其他选项不合搭配。
单选题 [A] manifest [B] illustrate [C] reveal [D] indicate
【正确答案】 A
【答案解析】习俗可以显现出各种类别，可以选[A]，manifest意为“使显现，使显露”，如：The contradiction manifested itself in the employment situation.“在就业问题上矛盾暴露了。”其他选项不合文意。[B]illustrate“举例说明，阐明”；[C]reveal意为“使人们意识到，使显露”；[D]indicate指“间接地暗示，显示，指出”。