单选题   'Deep reading'—as opposed to the often superficial reading we do on the Web—is an endangered practice, one we ought to take steps to preserve as we would a historic building or a significant work of art. Its disappearance would jeopardize the intellectual and emotional development of generations growing up online, as well as the preservation of a critical part of our culture: the novels, poems and other kinds of literature that can be appreciated only by readers whose brains, quite literally, have been trained to understand them.
    Recent research in cognitive science and psychology has demonstrated that deep reading—slow, immersive, rich in sensory detail and emotional and moral complexity—is a distinctive experience, different in kind from the mere decoding of words. Although deep reading does not, strictly speaking, require a conventional book, the built-in limits of the printed page are uniquely helpful to the deep reading experience. A book's lack of hyperlinks (超链接), for example, frees the reader from making decisions—Should I click on this link or not?—allowing her to remain fully immersed in the narrative.
    That immersion is supported by the way the brain handles language rich in detail, indirect reference and figures of speech., by creating a mental representation that draws on the same brain regions that would be active if the scene were unfolding in real life. The emotional situations and moral dilemmas that are the stuff of literature are also vigorous exercise for the brain, propelling us inside the heads of fictional characters and even, studies suggest, increasing our real-life capacity for empathy (认同).
    None of this is likely to happen when we're browsing through a website. Although we call the activity by the same name, the deep reading of books and the information-driven reading we do on the Web are very different, both in the experience they produce and in the capacities they develop. A growing body of evidence suggests that online reading may be less engaging and less satisfying, even for the 'digital natives' to whom it is so familiar. Last month, for example, Britain's National Literacy Trust released the results of a study of 34 910 young people aged 8 to 16. Researchers reported that 39% of children and teens read daily using electronic devices, but only 28% read printed materials every day. Those who read only onscreen were three times less likely to say they enjoy reading very much and a third less likely to have a favorite book. The study also found that young people who read daily only onscreen were nearly two times less likely to be above-average readers than those who read daily in print or both in print and onscreen.
单选题     What does the author say about 'deep reading'?______
 
 
【正确答案】 B
【答案解析】由题干中的“deep reading”定位到首段第一句。 事实细节题。文章开篇第一句指出，“深阅读”是一种濒临消失的阅读习惯，我们应当像保护古建筑或重要的艺术品那样对其采取保护措施。由此可见，作者认为我们应该保护“深阅读”，以免为时过晚，故答案为B。 [参考译文] “深阅读”——与我们经常在网上进行的浅阅读相反——是一种濒临消失的阅读习惯，我们应当像保护古建筑或重要的艺术品那样对其采取保护措施。深阅读的消失将会危及到伴随网络长大的几代人的智力和情感发展，以及对人类文化关键组成郝分——小说、诗歌和其他文学类型——的保护。十分确定的是，这些文学类型只有那些大脑受过专门训练的读者才能欣赏。 最近认知科学和心理学方面的研究已证明深阅读——一种缓慢的、沉浸式的、有着丰富的感官细节和复杂的情感和道德体会的阅读——是一种独特的体验，与单纯认字型的阅读有着本质的区别。严格地说，虽然深阅读并不需要传统书籍，但是印刷品内在的限制却对深阅读体验特别有益。例如：书籍没有超链接，这样读者就不用决定是否应该点开链接，从而能够完全沉浸在故事之中。 这种沉浸也得益于大脑对于有着丰富细节、暗示、修辞的语言的处理方式：利用与在现实生活中发生这种场景时相同的活跃的大脑区域创建一个心理表征。作为文学素材的情感状况和道德困境也是对大脑进行的高强度训练，促使我们对虚构的人物进行思考，甚至有研究表明，可以增强我们在现实生活中感同身受的能力。 在我们浏览网站时这些都不太可能发生。虽然我们用同样的名字称呼这种行为，但是对书籍的深阅读与我们在网页上为获取信息而进行的阅读是截然不同的，两者有着不同的阅读体验，并且培养出了不同的技能。越来越多的证据表明，在线阅读可能令读者不够投入，也不太令人满意，甚至对于非常熟悉在线阅读的“数字原住民”而言也是如此。例如：英国国家文教信托于上月公布了一项对34910名8至16岁青少年进行研究的结果。研究人员报告说，39%的儿童和青少年每天使用电子设备进行阅读，但每天阅读纸质书的人数只占28%。那些只读电子书的孩子说自己非常喜欢阅读的人数比阅读纸质书的孩子们少三倍，拥有喜欢书籍的人数则少三分之一。研究还发现，与每天阅读纸质书或者既读纸质书也读电子书的年轻人相比，那些只看电子书的年轻人中超出平均水平的读者人数少两倍。
单选题     Why does the author advocate the reading of literature?______
 
 
【正确答案】 A
【答案解析】由题干中的the reading of literature定位到第一段第二句。 推理判断题。定位句指出，深阅读的消失将会危及到伴随网络长大的几代人的智力和情感发展，以及对人类文化关键组成部分——小说、诗歌和其他文学类型——的保护。由此可以推出，作者提倡文学阅读的原因是它有助于促进读者的智力和情感发展，故答案为A。
单选题     In what way does printed-page reading differ from online reading?______
 
 
【正确答案】 B
【答案解析】由题干中的printed-page定位到第二段第二、三句。 推理判断题。第二段第一句指出深阅读与单纯认字型的阅读有着本质的区别。然后第二句提到，虽然深阅读并不需要传统书籍，但是印刷品内在的限制却对深阅读体验特别有益，紧接着第三句以书籍没有超链接为例说明这可以令读者完全沉浸在故事之中，故答案为B。
单选题     What do the studies show about online reading?______
 
 
【正确答案】 D
【答案解析】由题干中的the studies和online reading 定位到第四段第三句。 推理判断题。定位句指出，越来越多的证据表明，在线阅读可能令读者不够投入，也不太令人满意，也就是说在线阅读不那么令人愉快，故答案为D。
单选题     What do we learn from the study released by Britain's National Literacy Trust?______
 
 
【正确答案】 A
【答案解析】由题干中的Britain's National Literacy Trust定位到第四段第四句和最后一句。 推理判断题。本段最后一句指出，与每天阅读纸质书或者既读纸质书也读电子书的年轻人相比，那些只看电子书的年轻人中超出平均水平的读者人数少两倍，由此推出用电子设备阅读的读者可能能力稍差，故答案为A。