正确答案为选项D , 在录音第二句中对阿司匹林的使用情况有明确的描述， 即the most commonly misused drugs，此后则为更加具体的说明。选项A 和 B 都是录音中对此具体说明的内容，即有使用过量的（overuse, A ) , 有用量不足的 (underuse=undemtilized，B ) ，但都不是问题的答案。选项C 所给的不够准确，而 且在录音中没有具体对应的话，所以也只能看作错误答案。

[重点难点]
抓住问题 the serious problem in the use，理解 improper use 与 misuse 的语义关联。

[录音原文]
Passage Two
Aspirin is probably the most widely used and best know n drug in the world. Yet it may be one of the most commonly misused drugs today — underutilized by those who would benefit and overused by those who are unlikely to benefit. To understand who will benefit - the most from its use, let's first explore the evolution of aspirin in medicine and how the drug works to prevent strokes and heart attacks.
A spirin is one of the oldest medications and was used as far back as ancient Egypt, where use of willow tree bark was recorded as an anti-inflam matory and pain reliever. The compound within the willow bark that provided these benefits was not isolated until the early 1800s in Germany and was initially named salicin. Later it came to be known as salicylic acid. Modern-day aspirin was synthesized and patented by the German pharm aceutical company, Bayer in 1899, which gave it the name aspirin.
Asprin was initially marketed as a painkiller, and by 1950, it was the most frequently sold one in the world. It was not until the 1970s that studies began demonstrating that it could prevent heart attacks. Typically, a heart attack or stroke occurs when the fatty buildup in the arteries ruptures and dumps its contents into the blood stream, which results in an intense inflammatory reaction that causes a blood clot to form.
If this blood clot blocks the entire artery， it then causes a stroke or heart attack by depriving the brain and heart tissue of vital nutrients and oxygen. One of the main drivers of clot form ation is platelet activation. Platelets are very small blood cells that help stop bleeding in a damaged blood vessel by sticking together and forming a patch. When a fatty plaque in a blood vessel ruptures, the fatty material can activate platelets, causing them to form a blood clot.
This juncture is where aspirin can play a crucial role. When taking aspirin, platelets are less sticky; this in turn can potentially prevent a large stroke or heart attack when a fatty plaque ruptures. In addition to decreasing stroke and heart attack rates, aspirin has also been shown in large studies to reduce the rates of certain cancers, particularly colon cancer.

正确答案为选项A，在录音中的对应话语为The compound within the willow bark ... was not isolated until the early 1800s in Germany and was initially named salicin,即 salicin直到 19世纪早期才在德国被从柳树皮中分离出来并命名。选项B 看似正确，因为录音说明salicin后来被认为是一种salicylic acid，但 B 说的是 unrecorded pain-killing acid，而录音说早在古埃及已有记录这种酸用来止痛。选项C 和 D 不正确的原因是与问题所问的salicin不符，录音后面虽然说到了这两项的关键词，但说的是现代的阿司匹林（Modem-day aspirin ), 而不是salicin本身。

[重点难点]
抓住compound, isolated和 named三个关键词以及句子意义。

作为排除题该题相对简单，因为正确选项A 在录音中有明确提示，即阿司匹林最初是作为止痛药在市场上出售的，但后面所给的1950这个时间是下一句并列句的成分，说的是到1950年这个时间它已经成为全世界最常见的药，而不是说这个时间最初销售。录音中initially marketed as a painkiller之后有短暂停顿，停顿之 后出现的and by 1950是后面的并列句的成分。由于是单项选择题，所以从解题技巧上来看，在肯定A 为正确答案后可以不考虑其他选项而直接进入下一题。

[重点难点]
对停顿及其句子分界保持敏感。

这是排除型考题，正确答案为选项D。听录音首先排除选项A 和 B, 因为录 音明确说出blood clot ( 血栓，血块）堵塞血管时会引起中风或心脏病发作，并解释说这是大脑和心脏组织失去主要养分和氧所致。后面解释血栓形成的主要原因 (main drivers of clot formation)之一是血小板活跃.(platelet activation) ，所以由此 也可以排除选项C。

[重点难点]
区分细节差异及其语义归属与层次。

该题所问在录音中没有直接回答，需要根据前面所说的内容加后续解释来推 导，所以有一定难度。正确选项为A，因为录音中前面已经说到中风和心脏病发作 的起因与血栓形成并堵塞血管有关，而血栓形成又是血小板活跃所致，所以录音所 说的When taking aspirin， platelets are less sticky就回答了所问，即阿司匹林通过使血 小板黏度降低，从而难以形成血栓，进而减少发病风险。选项B 说逐渐形成更多血小板，这与所需要的正好相反。选项C 所给的只是录音所说的过程而非结果，选项 D 则说的是与中风和心脏病无关的话题，都不是正确答案。

[重点难点]
理清逻辑层次与因果关系。