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Vienna was one of the music centers of Europe during the classical period, and Haydn, Mozart, and Beethoven were all active there. As the 1 of the Holy Roman Empire (which included parts of present-day Austria, Germany, Italy, Hungary, Czech and Slovakia), it was a 2 cultural and commercial center 3 a cosmopolitan character. Its population of almost 250,000 (in 1800) made Vienna the fourth largest city in Europe. All three 4 masters were born elsewhere, but they were 5 to Vienna to study and to seek 6 . In Vienna, Haydn and Mozart became close friends and influenced each other's musical 7 . Beethoven traveled to Vienna at sixteen to play for Mozart; at twenty-two, he returned to study with Haydn. Aristocrats from all over the Empire spent the winter in Vienna, sometimes bringing their private 8 Music was an important part of court life, and a good orchestra was a 9 of prestige. Many of the nobility were excellent musicians. Much music was heard in 10 concerts where aristocrats and wealthy commoners played 11 professional musicians. Mozart and Beethoven often earned money by performing in these intimate concerts. The nobility 12 hired servants who could 13 as musicians. An advertisement in the Vienna Gazette of 1789 14 : 'Wanted, for a house of the gentry, a manservant who knows how to play the violin well.' In Vienna there was also 15 music, light and popular in 16 . Small street bands of wind and string players played at garden parties or under the windows of people 17 to throw 18 money. Haydn and Mozart wrote many outdoor entertainment 19 , 20 they called divertimentos or serenades. Vienna's great love of music and its enthusiastic demand for new works made it the chosen city of Haydn, Mozart and Beethoven.
单选题
【正确答案】
A
【答案解析】 形近词辨析题。seat意为“所在地;中心,场所”,例如:The seat of government in the U.S. is in Washington D.C.原文意为:神圣罗马帝国的中心。故选项A seat正确。选项B setting意为“背景,环境”,例如:a beautiful setting for a picnic。选项C settlement意为“解决;清偿;殖民地的开拓”,例如:When did the settlement of Carolina begin?选项D sitting意为“就座;开庭(会)”,例如:during the long sittings(在冗长的开会期间)。
【答案解析】 词汇辨识题。draw意为“吸引;拖,拉”,往往指一种不像pull那样急促用力而较从容的动作,有诸多引申用法,例如:The play is drawing big crowds. (那出戏吸引了大量观众)。再如:May I draw your attention to the question?原文意为:三位古典主义大师都被吸引到了维也纳,只有选项A drawn正确。选项B pull意为“拖,拉”,强调用力,但不强调力的大小、方向、结果,词义较广泛,不够具体;选项C chosen和D drew不符合题意和语法。
单选题
【正确答案】
C
【答案解析】 词汇辨识题。recognition意为“承认,认可”,例如:Recognition of the new state is unlikely. 原句意为:三位大师到维也纳的目的是学习和寻求认可,故选项C recognition正确。选项A admission意为“入学,入场;入会许可;门票”,例如:Admission to the exhibition will be by invitation only. 选项B acknowledgement意为“公开承认”,多指承认先前不愿承认的、令人为难的或不为人们所知的事实,例如:the acknowledgement of a mistake;选项D appraisal意为“估计;估价;评价”,例如:We undertake regular job appraisal. 全句可译为:三位著名的古典主义大师都出生在别的城市,但他们都被吸引到维也纳来学习并寻求认可。
单选题
【正确答案】
A
【答案解析】 词义辨析题。style尤指某一艺术家的特殊风格。空格处需填入一个由each other's限制修饰的名词,可见应是“个人风格”,故选项A style正确。选项B genre意为“类型”,尤指文学、艺术、音乐的类型,例如:What genre does the book fall into—comedy or tragedy?选项C theme意为“主题,题目”;选项D emotion意为“情绪,感情”。全句可译为:在维也纳,海顿和莫扎特成为好朋友并互相影响着彼此的音乐风格。
【答案解析】 语义搭配题。alongside意为“在…旁边,与…并肩”,此句意为:贵族、富人以及专业音乐家一起演奏,故选项B alongside正确。选项A along意为“沿着”,例如:along the road;选项C among和D between意为“在…之中”。
单选题
【正确答案】
C
【答案解析】 语义搭配题。frequently意为“经常地”。根据句子结构,此处需要一个副词,前面提到Much music was heard in private concerts...,可见富人对仆人的需要应是频繁的,故选项C frequently符合题意。选项A likely是形容词,意为“可能的”;选项B presumably意为“推测地,也许地”;选项D considerably意为“非常,相当地”,指程度。
单选题
【正确答案】
A
【答案解析】 语法题。double可作动词,意为“身兼两职”,例如:double in the parts of king and slave(兼演国王和奴隶)。从原句结构来看,这是一个定语从句且缺少谓语,故选项A double正确。其他选项均不可作动词,故排除。全句可译为:贵族们经常雇用能兼作乐师的仆人。
【答案解析】 词义辨析题。tone意为“音调,音色;腔调”,例如:in ringing tones;根据文章内容:室外音乐是轻快且通俗的调子,故选项B tone正确。选项A tune意为“旋律”,例如:Do you know the tune to this song?选项C voice意为“嗓音”;选项D hue意为“色度,色调”,例如:The diamond shone with every hue under the sun.
【答案解析】 固定搭配题。根据文义:街头乐队在窗下演奏,上面的人有可能扔下钱来,故选项D down正确,throw down意为“扔下”。选项A (throw) off意为“摆脱某人/某事,除去”;例如:throw off a cold;选项B (throw) away意为“抛弃,丢掉”,指因愚蠢或疏忽而失去,例如:throw away an advantage;选项C (throw) about意为“散布;乱抛”,例如:Don't throw about waste paper in the park.
单选题
【正确答案】
C
【答案解析】 词义辨析题。pieces意为“(艺术品、音乐等的)篇、幅、首等”。文中指海顿、莫扎特写了许多室外音乐,故选项C pieces正确。选项A music意为“音乐”;选项B melody意为“旋律,歌曲”,不能与句中的many连用;选项D series意为“连贯的东西、事件、系列”,例如:a television series(一部电视连续剧)。
单选题
【正确答案】
B
【答案解析】 语法题。which引导非限定性定语从句修饰句中的outdoor entertainment pieces。全句可译为:海顿和莫扎特写了许多室外音乐曲子,他们称这些曲子为嬉游曲或小夜曲。