阅读理解 Large companies need a way to reach the savings of the public at large. The same problem, on a small scale, faces practically every company trying to develop new products and create new jobs. There can be little prospect of raising the sort of sums needed from friends and people we know. While banks may agree to provide short-term finance, they are generally unwilling to provide money on a permanent basis for long-term projects. So companies turn to the public, inviting people to lend them money, or take a share in the business in exchange for a share in future profits. This they do by issuing stocks and shares in the business through the Stock Exchange. By doing so they can put into circulation the savings of individuals and institutions, both at home and overseas. When the saver needs his money back, he does not have to go to the company with whom he originally placed it. Instead, he sells his shares through a stock-broker to some other saver who is seeking to invest his money. Many of the services needed both by industry and by each of us are provided by the government or by local authorities. Without hospitals, roads, electricity, telephones, railways, this country could not function. All these require continuous spending on new equipment and new development if they are to serve us properly, requiring more money than is raised through taxes alone. The government, local authorities, and nationalized industries therefore frequently need to borrow money to finance major capital spending, and they, too, come to the Stock Exchange. There is hardly a man or woman in this country whose job or whose standard of living does not depend on the ability of his or her employers to raise money to finance new development. In one way or another, this new money must come from the savings of the country. The Stock Exchange exists to provide a channel through which these savings can reach those who need finance.

单选题 Almost all companies trying to develop new products and create new jobs have to ______.

【正确答案】 D

【答案解析】细节题。根据develop new products and create new jobs定位于第一段第二句话。开头第二句说almost all companies 都面临着the same problem，这里的problem 指的就是第一句话中说的需要a way to reach the savings of the public at large。D与此完全相符。A内容文中未涉及，可直接排除。B、C内容与原文意思相反。

单选题 The money which enables these companies to go ahead with their projects is ______.

【正确答案】 A

【答案解析】细节题。根据projects定位到原文第一段第四句话末尾。第一段第三句话末尾，projects之前交代了各种资金来源，但都被作者一一排除，第五句开始说明要发展长期项目只能向社会公众筹措资金，其方式就是通过证券交易所发行股票，与A相符。B过于片面，只断章取义地说了股票筹资的一个来源。文章第二段讲到original owners和invest是说公司股票的投资者，跟项目发展无关,排除C、D。

单选题 When the savers want their money back they ______.

单选题 All the essential services on which we depend are ______.

【正确答案】 B

【答案解析】细节题。根据题干All the essential services定位到原文第三段第三句。第三段第三句说：All these require continuous spending on new equipment and new development if they are to serve us properly…，意思是若想要这些行业为我们正常服务，就需要不断花钱购买新的设备、实现新发展。Require continuous spending on...与in constant need of financial support 意思相同。原文第三段第一句中提到由the government or our local authorities 经营的是Many of the services，而不是All the...services，排除A。C文章没有提及。D与原文意思相反。

单选题 This passage mainly talks about ______.

【正确答案】 B

【答案解析】主旨题。本题就全文中心思想提问，解题关键在于正确把握全文脉络。文章第一段分析公司发展所需的资金来源，介绍了股票的形成原因；在第二段，作者介绍了股票的买卖交易方式；第二段作者说明由政府或当地权力机构掌握的与人们生活密切相关的服务行业和股票交易所的关系，即这些行业的资金也需由政府或当地权力机构从股票交易所中筹措。最后一段作者说明了股票交易在现代经济生活中的重要性。综其所述，B较好地概括了原文，文中只提到companies and governments筹措资金的来源是通过股票交易，这与选项中的one way概括范围相当。文中只着重介绍了融资的一种力法，对其他途径只在第一段里一笔带过，排除A。本文没有涉及到怎样可以用股票赚钱的内容，排除C。政府筹资有很多种手段，本文只讲发债券一种，排除D。