问答题
{{B}}Directions:{{/B}}
Read the following text carefully and then translate
the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly
on ANSWER SHEET 2.
The long and progressive reign of Queen Victoria came to a
climax at a time of peace and plenty when the British Empire seemed to be at the
summit of its power and security. Of the discord that soon followed we shall
here note only two factors which had large influence on contemporary English
literature.
The first disturbing factor was imperialism, the
reawakening of a dominating spirit which had seemingly been put to sleep by the
proclamation of an Imperial Federation. (46){{U}}Its coming was heralded by the
Boer War in South Africa, through which Britain blundered to what was hoped to
be an era of peace and good will.{{/U}} Other nations promptly made such hope a
vain whistling in the wind. Japanese War Lords began a career of conquest which
aimed to make Japan master of Asia and East Indies. Pacific islands that had for
ages slept peacefully were turned into frowning naval stations. (47){{U}}Even the
United States, aroused by an easy triumph in the Spanish War, started on an
imperialistic adventure by taking control of the Philippines, thus making an
implacable enemy of Japan.{{/U}}
Only a nation that enters on a
dangerous course with eyes wide open has any chance of a safe way out, and the
imperialistic nations were all alike blind. (48){{U}}An inevitable result was the
First War and the great horror of a Second World War, the two disasters being
different acts of the same tragedy of imperialism, separated only by a breathing
spell.{{/U}}
Another factor that influenced literature for the
worse was a widespread demand for social reform of every kind; not slow and
orderly reform, which is progress, but immediate and uncontrolled reform, which
breeds a spirit of rebellion and despair. Before the Victorian age had come to
an end, English literature appeared to have lost touch with healthy English
life. Many writers echoed the sorrowful cry of James Thomson in his City of
Dreadful Night, or babbled of "art for art's sake" with Oscar Wilde.
(49){{U}}Groom, in his survey of the period, notes that writers had mostly a
critical attitude toward morals and religion, Church and State, as relies from
"the dead hand of traditional beliefs."{{/U}} (50){{U}}Small wonder that German and
Japanese war-advocates regarded Englishmen as a decadent race when the same or a
worse opinion was daily read in the novels of Samuel Butler and nightly heard in
the plays of Bernard Shaw.{{/U}}