翻译题
Take a cell, practically any cell, from your body, and through appropriate biological repairing, you can cause it to grow into a duplicate of yourself—identical from eyelashes to toenails. With this system, you can neatly reproduce yourself without any partner. Human cloning, it's called. Is this science fact or science fiction? 46 In the spring of 1996, a book was published telling the supposedly true story of an elderly millionaire who, at great expense, succeeded in producing a clone—an exact genetic copy of himself. According to the account, the cloned child, now 4 years old, is living with his father in California. The book caused a small uproar. Clone movies and clone jokes sprang up overnight. 47 A group of scientists demanded that the federal government reveal all the studies it has funded on cloning and related field of cell biology. But some distinguished biologists offered their opinion that the book was pure fantasy. They pointed out that cell researchers simply do not yet know enough to pull off such a feat, even if they are anxious to. Yet the cloning story touches a highly sensitive nerve. People began to realize that we are on the threshold of a new age in the biosciences. Knowledge of genetic engineering is emerging that allows scientists to tinker with, and change, the very stuff of life. 48 The assumption on which human cloning tests is that all genetic ceils, though now specialized, still contain exact copies of the original set of genetic instructions needed to make an entire individual and could do so if a way is found to switch them back on. If so, the recipe for cloning people should be quite simple, at least in theory. Although it may look simple on paper, it isn't in practice. To date scientists have succeeded in cloning some small animals. But it is still a far cry from the much more complicated experiment on the carbon copy of human beings. Even when technically possible, the potential of human cloning challenges our entire value system. We must talk about the implications now, before any crisis occurs. What would happen if human cloning became a reality? One favorite expectation is the creation of a new breed of Einstein's. But scientists quickly denied the possibility. It is more than genetic make-up that makes an individual. 49 People are all products of a particular historical time and of special environment, with so many minute things affecting the way they develop each and every day. A duplicate background—and therefore a duplicate individual—could never be created. Fortunately, cloning research is not a technique for reproductive purposes, but to cure human diseases. 50 Already biologists studying the cell's inner workings and the various methods of cloning have made exciting discoveries that may finally lead to breakthroughs in fighting against cancer. It may also be used to control the aging process, and conquer presently incurable human genetic diseases.
【答案解析】本题的难点在于非谓语动词与定语从句的翻译，以及如何将英语的长难句转换为地道的汉语。本句中，telling the supposedly true story是现在分词短语作伴随状语；who引导的定语从句修饰an elderly millionaire；an exact genetic copy of himself是a clone的同位语。
问答题
【正确答案】一些科学家要求联邦政府公开其资助过的有关克隆和相关细胞生物学领域的所有研究项目。
【答案解析】本题的难点在于定语从句的翻译。本句的主句谓语动词是demand，其引导的宾语从句是虚拟语气，谓语动词是(should) reveal，句中省略should；it has funded on cloning and related field of cell biology是定语从句，修饰the studies，关系代词that/which省略。
【答案解析】本题的难点在于理清各个成分之间的关系，并将这一复杂句转换为地道的汉语。本句首先包含一个由on which引导的定语从句，修饰the assumption；that引导表语从句，该从句是并列句，谓语动词有两个，分别是contain和could do，用并列连词and连接；if是表语从句中的条件状语从句。switch them back on是本句中较难理解的词组，依据上下文，该词组指的是让细胞重回其原始基因指令状态，即逆向复制。
问答题
【正确答案】人都是特定历史时期和特定环境的产物，每天都有无数细小的事情影响着每个人的成长。
【答案解析】本题的难点在于理解minute一词以及the way之后的定语从句。句中with后是独立主格结构，即with+so many minute things(独立主格)+affecting the way(现在分词短语)；they develop each and every day是定语从句，修饰the way，前面省略关系副词in which。
【答案解析】本题的难点在于非谓语动词作后置定语的翻译。本句中studying the cell's inner workings and the various methods of cloning是现在分词短语作后置定语，修饰biologists；that引导的定语从句修饰discoveries；Already是副词作状语，相应的主句是完成时态have made。