问答题 {{B}}Memorandum--Memo{{/B}} More often than not, business writings are just writings of the office daily routines. The most common, and of course, the most important one, is memorandum, which is usually shortened as memo. Like business letters, memos are frequently used in office for different purposes. They are usually brief and direct. So we can say that only the most necessary and specific information can be expressed in memo. Their formal and informal nature is usually decided by the relationship between the writer and the recipient. Generally speaking, memos for oneself, for one's peers and subordinate tend to be informal while memos for leaders and committee or for file are often formal. Inter-office memos are messages, often confidential, passed within a firm or between branches of the same company(公司部门之间广泛运用的书面联络手段，即录以备忘的简易公函). The main purpose of such letters is to remind or inform one's colleagues of certain company matters, such as decisions of the leadship, or changes in the personnel, or what the receiver should do, and so on. They can be written by anyone to other relevant people in the company, but more commonly by department chiefs or heads to their subordinates. Memos can be written in different forms. But usually, they are composed by the five following parts: to whom, from whom, date, subjects and body. And the format of memos usually consists of two forms: indented style(缩行式)or block style(齐头式). As for indented style, it usually indents five to six letters from the beginning. How to Write a Memo? The basic function of a memo is to create some kind of problem by making the reader aware of specific information. A memo can be written to persuade others to take action or give specific feedback on a particular matter. When written properly, memos can be very effective in connecting the concern or issue of the writer with the best interests of the reader. Steps: 1. Analyze your audience. Decide to whom you are writing this memo (the audience)and what the audience's priorities and concerns are. Establish why this memo would be important to the reader. 2. Distinguish the three parts of the memo: the heading segment, the opening segment, and the summary segment. 3. Heading segment. The heading segment should include to whom the memo is written, who has written the memo, the complete and exact date the memo was written, and the subject matter (what the memo is about). The first line of the heading should read "To: "then state the name and job titles of the recipient. The next line, "From:" states your full name and job title. The third line, "Date:" should Contain the complete and current date that the memo was written. The final line of the heading, "Subject: "(or RE:) should state what the memo is about, and should be highlighted in some way. 4. Opening segment. State the purpose of the memo and identify the purpose in three parts; the context of the problem, the particular assignment, and the purpose of the memo. Identify the exact reason for writing the memo and make it clear to the reader. 5. Summary segment. This segment should provide a brief statement of important suggestions. This will help the reader quickly understand the key points of the memo. The summary can also include links or references to sources that you have used in your research on the issue. 6. Discussion segment. In this segment, include all of the details that support your ideas and recommendations for solving the problem. You may also choose to propose future problems that may arise and discuss how your recommendations ensure these problems will not occur ( see tips). 7. Closing segment. Close the memo with a friendly ending that states what actions you want the reader to take. Consider the ways that the reader can benefit from the information in the memo and how these changes will be advantageous. Tips: ·State the most important points first, and then move on to the details. ·Be specific and brief in every heading so that the basic point of your memo is apparent to the reader right away. ·Include only as much information as necessary for the reader; be concise but convincing that the problem or issue does exist and needs to be assessed. ·The reader can understand the memo better if you use headings for the different segments of the memo. ·Always address the reader by his or her correct name; do not use nicknames. ·When writing the opening segment, include only as much information as is needed, while still being convincing that a real problem exists. ·When writing the closing, be sure to consider how the reader will benefit from the desired actions and how you can make those actions easier. You might say, "I will be glad to discuss these recommendations with you later on and follow through on any decisions you make." ·Get personal: Use words like I, you, and we. To initiate action, write in the active, not the passive voice. ·Don't show off: Avoid scholarly words, technical jargon, and just plain gibberish like "as per your request" when you simply mean "here's what you wanted". Such language may easily confuse readers. ·Check for errors: If there is an error in a memo, it will probably be in names, dates or numbers. ·Don't give too many whys: It's important to explain why you want something done, but don't overdo it. ·Keep paragraphs short: Limit each paragraph to five lines or less. ·Close with a call to action: If there is something you want the reader to do by a particular time, say so. 范文 Situation: Francis Fan, an employee of a company, wants higher wages. So he writes a memo to his boss. {{B}}Memo{{/B}} To: James Chen, boss From: Francis Fan Date: September 5,2004 Subject: Request wage increase Mr. Chen, my present weekly wage is ＄800. I have worked for the firm for one year and a half, and I have carried out my duties conscientiously. You know that my supervisor is very satisfied with my work. I feel that my good work justifies higher wages. I believe that workers in some other units who do work of the same type get higher wages. Also, inflation has rapidly increased since the beginning of this year but my wages remain the same. If my wages can be increased to those of the workers in other units who do similar work, I will be pleased and will not have to look for other work. Practice 假定你是办公室工作人员，请写一个备忘录，提醒各个部门的领导经理出差期间有关事宜的安排，这要包括以下几点： 第一，经理出发的时间 第二，副经理将负责日常事物，并主持下一次的例会； 第三，本周的例会取消，通知下一次例会的时间。