单选题 Not having passed the law exam, the state refused to issue him a license to practice.
A. Not having passed
B. refused
C. to issue
D. practice.

【正确答案】 A

【答案解析】改为Since he did not pass。因为pass的逻辑主语不是state，而是he，所以不能用现在分词形式作状语，应该用独立主格结构，或者用从句，而且后者会表达得更清楚些。