阅读理解 There seems never to have been a civilization without toys, but when and how they developed is unknown. They probably came about just to give children something to do. In the ancient world, as is today, most boys played with some kinds of toys and most girls with another. In societies where social roles are rigidly determined , boys pattern their play after the activities of their fathers and girls after the tasks of their mothers. This is true because boys and girls are being prepared, even in play, to step into the roles and responsibilities of the adult world. What is remarkable about the history of toys is not so much how they changed over the centuries but how much they have remained the same. The changes have been mostly in terms of craftsmanship, mechanics, and technology. It is the universality of toys with regard to their development in all parts of the world and their persistence to the present that is amazing. In Egypt, the Americas, China, Japan and among the Arctic peoples, generally the same kinds of toys appeared. Variations depended on local customs and ways of life because toys ''imitate their surroundings. Nearly every civilization had dolls, little weapons, toy soldiers, tiny animals and vehicles. Because toys can be generally regarded as a kind of art form, they have not been subject to technological leaps that characterize inventions for adult use. The progress from the wheel to the oxcart to the automobile is a direct line of ascent. The progress from a rattle used by a baby in 3000 BC to one used by an infant today, however, is not characterized by inventiveness. Each rattle is the product of the artistic tastes of the times and subject to the limitations of available materials.

单选题 The reason why the toys most boys play with are different from those that girls play with is that______

【正确答案】 A

【答案解析】就为什么很多男孩与女孩玩不同的玩具，作者在第二段中明确地给出了原因"In societies where social roles are rigidly determined，boys pattern their play after the activities of their fathers and girls after the tasks of their mothers．This is true because boys and girls are being prepared，even in play，to step into the roles and responsibilities of the adult world．”，可见[A]“他们的社会角色被严格地决定了”为正确答案。

单选题 One aspect of "the universality of toys" lies in the fact that ______

【正确答案】 D

【答案解析】作者在第三段第三句指出"It is the universality of toys with regard to their development in all parts of the world and their persistence to the present that is amazing"之后，作者举例说明了“令人惊异的”“玩具的共性”是什么。例子说“在埃及、南北美洲、中国、日本和生活在北冰洋的各民族中总有同样的玩具”，然后作者更进一步举例说“几乎每个文明都有洋娃娃、小兵器、玩具士兵、小动物以及玩具车辆”，由此推理出“在世界范围内玩具的基本特点是一样的”，所以[D]为正确答案。

单选题 Which of the following is the author''s view on the historical development of toys?

【正确答案】 B

【答案解析】本题询问作者对玩具历史发展的观点。综观第三段和第四段，我们了解到"What is remarkable about the history of toys is not so much how they charged over the centuries but how much they have remained the same．”、“…generally the same kinds of toys appeared"以及"they have not been subject to technological leaps that characterize inventions for adult use．”可见作者认为“在好几个世纪里玩具基本上保持未变”，[B]为正确答案。