单选题
Just four bits of information collected from a shopper's credit card can be used to identify almost anyone, researchers have found. The study in the journal Science【C1】______ three months of credit card records for 1. 1 million people in an【C2】______ industrialized country. Ninety percent of individuals could be【C3】______ identified using just four pieces of【C4】______ , such as where they bought coffee one day or where they a【C5】______ new jumper or pair of shoes. 【C6】______ , credit cards use was just as【C7】______ at identifying someone as mobile phone records, the study found. Knowing the price of a【C8】______ could boost the risk of re-identification by 22 percent. "Even data sets that【C9】______ coarse information at any or all of the dimensions provide little anonymity(匿名)，" the study, led by Yves-Alexandre de Montjoye at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and colleagues at Aarhus University in Demark, revealed.【C10】______ some of the specifics were stripped from credit card data, such as【C11】______ the general area where a purchase was made instead of the【C12】______ shop, or expanding the time range to 15 days【C13】______ one, a person who would have believed themselves believed themselves【C14】______ could be re-identified with "just a few more【C15】______ data points", said the study. "Women are more than【C16】______ men in credit card metadata, " it added. People with higher【C17】______ were also easier to identify, perhaps because they "have【C18】______ patterns in how they divide their time between the【C19】______ they visit", added the study. The researchers【C20】______ more advanced technologies to protect data that is simply made anonymous.