单选题 The basic function of money is the enable buying to be separated from selling, thus permitting trade to take place without the so-called double coincidence of barter. If a person has something to sell and wants something else (1) return, it is not necessary to search for someone able and (2) to make the desired exchange of items. The person can sell the (3) item for general purchasing power-that is, "money"-to anyone who wants to buy it and then use the proceeds to buy the desired item from anyone who wants to sell it. The importance of this function of money is (4) illustrated by the experience of Germany just after World War II, (5) paper money was (6) largely useless because, despite inflationary conditions, price controls were effectively (7) by the American, French, and British armies of occupation. People had to (8) to barter or to inefficient money substitutes. The result was to cut total output of the economy in half. The German "economic miracle" just after 1948 reflected partly a currency reform by the occupation authorities, (9) some economists hold that it stemmed primarily from the German government's (10) of all price controls, (11) . permitting a money economy to (12) a barter economy. (13) of the act of sale from the act of purchase (14) the existence of something that will be generally accepted in payment-this is the " (15) of exchange" function of money. But there must also be something that can serve as a (16) abode of purchasing power, in which the seller holds the proceeds in the interim (17) the first sale and the (18) purchase, or from which the buyer can (19) the general purchasing power with which to pay (20) what is bought. This is the "asset" function of money.

【正确答案】 B

【答案解析】[解析] 考查介词的用法和上下文逻辑关系。in return是同定短语，表示“作为回报”，文中的意思正是如果一个人有什么东西要卖，而有希望得到什么作为回报；by return of post表示立刻回信，没有on return以及for return的固定用法。

【正确答案】 D

【答案解析】[解析] 考查上下文的逻辑关系。做买卖交易肯定是双方自愿的，所以应该选择willing。be willing to表示“愿意”；capable表示具有某种能力；be likely to表示“可能”，此处不符合题意;be desirable of表示“渴望得到”也不符合题意，所以正确答案为D。

【正确答案】 C

【答案解析】[解析] 考查词义辨析。在过去之所以产生商品买卖是因为个人手里有了多余的产品，所以此处应该选择C项“多余的，剩余的”。surplus的用法经常表示产品或者资金的剩余；excess表示“过度、无节制”；extra表示“另外的，不包括在内的”；ample表示“足够的”。

【正确答案】 B

【答案解析】[解析] 考查动词的用法。resort to表示“求助于”，二战中，货币已经不具有价值了，人们为了购买生活必须用品，就只好“求助于其他方法”，所以此处应该选择选项B；conform to表示“一致”；commit to表示“执行，做”；gear to表示“使适合”。

【正确答案】 C

【答案解析】[解析] 考查名词的用法。此处的含义应该是取消所有价格控制，elimination具有“取消，消灭”的含义；deprivation意为“剥夺”；stimulation意为“刺激、促进”，对于价格控制不可能促进的；restriction意为“限制”，限制也是不符合题意的，只有取消这种控制经济才可能发展，限制已经无法达到目的。

【正确答案】 D

【答案解析】[解析] 考查动词用法和上下文的逻辑关系。根据上下文，货币经济应该代替物物交换经济，这是历史的必然，A项表示“交替，轮流”；B项表示“建立”，与前后关系不符；C项虽然也表示“代替，替换”，但是必须使用词组substitute A for B。

【正确答案】 B

【答案解析】[解析] 考查动词的用法。买和卖的分离就要求另一种物品来充当媒介，require意为“需要，要求”，经常用在这种语境中，例如，The emergency requires that it should be done．assume意为“承担”；focus意为“集中”；undertake意为“执行”，均不符合此处语境。