Listen to part of a lecture in a history class.
Now get ready to answer the questions. You may use your notes to help you answer.
Now get ready to answer the questions. You may use your notes to help you answer.
单选题
What is the talk mainly about?
【正确答案】
B
【答案解析】[听力原文]
Professor: Today I want to talk about the history of stained glass and its use in churches during the Middle Ages. Stained glass was first used in the churches of Byzantine Constantinople. Of course, you know that Constantinople is now called Istanbul, but during the years it was a Byzantine city, stained glass was used in churches to make the gloomy interiors more decorative. Byzantine stained glass was simple but it was decorative. The glass was used for ornamental purposes and was either set into plaster or stone. Eventually, the glass was shaped into portraits and kept in place with lead.
The art of making stained glass spread from Constantinople to southern France in the fourth century. The French have always been noted for their glass, and the artisans making stained glass became famous, too. Once stained glass making became recognized and the artisans became famous, people in other countries such as England requested the French artisans to make stained glass to install into their abbeys.
Prettiness and simplicity gave way to detailed scenes with educational value. Many stained glass windows which were made for churches began to show the lives of saints and biblical stories. Also colors were added to the glass to provide new shading and tones.
The process of adding color to the stained glass windows was an involved process. Manganese, red ochre, copper shavings, and blue cobalt were some of the ingredients which were added to blow glass to make a new array of colors. Once the ingredients were added, the blown glass was placed in an oven and flattened on a plate. As soon as the molten glass reached the desired temperature and thickness, the glass was removed from the oven and cooled. Once the glass had cooled, the artisans cut the glass to match an outline which had been drawn.. Sometimes the cut glass was scratched to show detail and then the scratches were filled with enamel. The purpose of the scratching and enameling was to show perspective but with the added dimension, the glass had to be placed into a kiln again to bake the enamel onto the glass. Once the final baking had been completed, the artisans assembled the pieces of glass into a design and soldered the pieces together with strips of lead. The final product was then placed into the window opening of the cathedral or abbey.
During the Middle Ages stained glass designs filled the tall, slender window openings of the Gothic style churches. These twelfth and thirteenth century windows were then set into the towering cathedral walls and the beautiful windows emphasized the height of the walls and the graceful arches of the period churches. French cathedrals of the Middle Ages provide wonderful examples of stained glass. The cathedral at Chartres and Notre Dame in Paris are probably the two examples most people think of when the term "stained glass" is mentioned. Chartres Cathedral, built in the Gothic style during the Middle Ages and completed in the 1290s, is not only one of the most well-maintained cathedrals but is also one of the most well-known for its original stained glass windows. The cathedral, which has now been designated as a UNESCO World Heritage Site, has more than 170 stained glass windows, many of them in the blue tones—served as an educational tool for the people during that time period as well as adding beauty and gracefulness to the massive structure. The windows, have been dismantled several times throughout history most recently during the Second World War.
The Rose Windows in Notre Dame Cathedral are spectacular examples of the artisans" skill and craftsmanship of the Middle Ages. The windows were created and installed in the 1260s and 70s. The windows in Notre Dame are immense and are some of the finest examples of glass ever produced. The windows are noted for their wonderful symmetry and have been restored in the mid 1860s. The windows depict scenes from the New Testament and are placed on the north and south walls of the cathedral. In addition to their beauty, the windows with their original stained glass are some of the few original windows remaining in Europe.
[解析] 教授在刚开始就对讲座内容进行了概括：Today I want to talk about the history of stained glass and its use in churches during the Middle Ages. 即主要探讨了彩绘玻璃的历史和其在教堂的应用。B选项是最为确切的答案。
History: Stained Glass
Professor: Today I want to talk about the history of stained glass and its use in churches during the Middle Ages. Stained glass was first used in the churches of Byzantine Constantinople. Of course, you know that Constantinople is now called Istanbul, but during the years it was a Byzantine city, stained glass was used in churches to make the gloomy interiors more decorative. Byzantine stained glass was simple but it was decorative. The glass was used for ornamental purposes and was either set into plaster or stone. Eventually, the glass was shaped into portraits and kept in place with lead.
The art of making stained glass spread from Constantinople to southern France in the fourth century. The French have always been noted for their glass, and the artisans making stained glass became famous, too. Once stained glass making became recognized and the artisans became famous, people in other countries such as England requested the French artisans to make stained glass to install into their abbeys.
Prettiness and simplicity gave way to detailed scenes with educational value. Many stained glass windows which were made for churches began to show the lives of saints and biblical stories. Also colors were added to the glass to provide new shading and tones.
The process of adding color to the stained glass windows was an involved process. Manganese, red ochre, copper shavings, and blue cobalt were some of the ingredients which were added to blow glass to make a new array of colors. Once the ingredients were added, the blown glass was placed in an oven and flattened on a plate. As soon as the molten glass reached the desired temperature and thickness, the glass was removed from the oven and cooled. Once the glass had cooled, the artisans cut the glass to match an outline which had been drawn.. Sometimes the cut glass was scratched to show detail and then the scratches were filled with enamel. The purpose of the scratching and enameling was to show perspective but with the added dimension, the glass had to be placed into a kiln again to bake the enamel onto the glass. Once the final baking had been completed, the artisans assembled the pieces of glass into a design and soldered the pieces together with strips of lead. The final product was then placed into the window opening of the cathedral or abbey.
During the Middle Ages stained glass designs filled the tall, slender window openings of the Gothic style churches. These twelfth and thirteenth century windows were then set into the towering cathedral walls and the beautiful windows emphasized the height of the walls and the graceful arches of the period churches. French cathedrals of the Middle Ages provide wonderful examples of stained glass. The cathedral at Chartres and Notre Dame in Paris are probably the two examples most people think of when the term "stained glass" is mentioned. Chartres Cathedral, built in the Gothic style during the Middle Ages and completed in the 1290s, is not only one of the most well-maintained cathedrals but is also one of the most well-known for its original stained glass windows. The cathedral, which has now been designated as a UNESCO World Heritage Site, has more than 170 stained glass windows, many of them in the blue tones—served as an educational tool for the people during that time period as well as adding beauty and gracefulness to the massive structure. The windows, have been dismantled several times throughout history most recently during the Second World War.
The Rose Windows in Notre Dame Cathedral are spectacular examples of the artisans" skill and craftsmanship of the Middle Ages. The windows were created and installed in the 1260s and 70s. The windows in Notre Dame are immense and are some of the finest examples of glass ever produced. The windows are noted for their wonderful symmetry and have been restored in the mid 1860s. The windows depict scenes from the New Testament and are placed on the north and south walls of the cathedral. In addition to their beauty, the windows with their original stained glass are some of the few original windows remaining in Europe.
[解析] 教授在刚开始就对讲座内容进行了概括：Today I want to talk about the history of stained glass and its use in churches during the Middle Ages. 即主要探讨了彩绘玻璃的历史和其在教堂的应用。B选项是最为确切的答案。
问答题
In the lecture, the professor lists some of the ingredients used to color glass. Indicate whether each of the following is an example which was discussed. Click in the correct box for each phrase.
| Yes | No | |
| Cobalt blue | ||
| Silver shavings | ||
| Magenta | ||
| Copper shavings | ||
| Red ochre |
【正确答案】
【答案解析】
[解析] 解答本题需要在听讲座内容时捕捉关键用词。讲座中说道：Manganese, red ochre, copper shavings, and blue cobalt were some of the ingredients which were added to blow glass to make a new array of colors. 通过本句中的ingredients，added等用词可知句子中所提到的材料名称即为正确答案。
| 是的 | 不是 | |
| 蓝钴 | ||
| 银屑 | * | |
| 洋红色染料 | * | |
| 铜屑 | * | |
| 红赭石 | * |
单选题
Why does the professor mention Chartres?
【正确答案】
D
【答案解析】[解析] 教授提到沙特尔教堂时是这么说的：Chartres Cathedral, built in the Gothic style during the Middle Ages and completed in the 1290s, is not only one of the most well-maintained cathedrals but is also one of the most well-known for its original stained glass windows. 以上内容中说到original stained glass windows(独特的彩绘玻璃窗)，可见教授提到沙特尔教堂正是为了举出一个安装有独特彩绘玻璃的教堂的例子(这也契合本文的主题——彩绘玻璃)。D选项的表述与教授的用意恰好相吻合。
单选题
According to the professor, where were stained glass windows first used?
【正确答案】
C
【答案解析】[解析] 讲座刚开始就提到Stained glass was first used in the churches of Byzantine Constantinople. 据此可以轻松作答。
单选题
Listen again to part of the lecture. Then answer the question.
What does the professor mean when she says this:
What does the professor mean when she says this:
【正确答案】
A
【答案解析】[听力原文]
Professor: Of course, you know that Constantinople is now called Istanbul, but during the years it was a Byzantine city, stained glass was used in churches to make the gloomy interiors more decorative. Byzantine stained glass was simple but it was decorative. The glass was used for ornamental proposes and was either set into plaster or stone.
What does the professor mean when she says this:
Byzantine stained glass was simple but it was decorative.
[解析] 教授在讲座的开始说道：to make the gloomy interiors more decorative...从这些内容可以推出早期的彩绘玻璃样式简单，只是为了装饰效果。通过后文也可以知道后来彩绘玻璃才渐渐地开始描述圣经中的场景。
Professor: Of course, you know that Constantinople is now called Istanbul, but during the years it was a Byzantine city, stained glass was used in churches to make the gloomy interiors more decorative. Byzantine stained glass was simple but it was decorative. The glass was used for ornamental proposes and was either set into plaster or stone.
What does the professor mean when she says this:
Byzantine stained glass was simple but it was decorative.
[解析] 教授在讲座的开始说道：to make the gloomy interiors more decorative...从这些内容可以推出早期的彩绘玻璃样式简单，只是为了装饰效果。通过后文也可以知道后来彩绘玻璃才渐渐地开始描述圣经中的场景。
单选题
Listen again to part of the lecture. Then answer the question.
Why does the professor say this:
Why does the professor say this:
【正确答案】
A
【答案解析】[听力原文]
Professor: The cathedral, which has now been designated as a UNESCO World Heritage Site, has more than 170 stained glass windows, many of them in the blue tones—served as an educational tool for the people during that time period as well as adding beauty and gracefulness to the massive structure. The windows have been dismantled several times throughout history most recently during the second World War.
Why does the professor say this:
...served as an educational tool for the people during that time period...
[解析] 本句话中说到了educational tool以及adding beauty and gracefulness to the massive structure. 可见A选项的阐述与教授的用意相符。
Professor: The cathedral, which has now been designated as a UNESCO World Heritage Site, has more than 170 stained glass windows, many of them in the blue tones—served as an educational tool for the people during that time period as well as adding beauty and gracefulness to the massive structure. The windows have been dismantled several times throughout history most recently during the second World War.
Why does the professor say this:
...served as an educational tool for the people during that time period...
[解析] 本句话中说到了educational tool以及adding beauty and gracefulness to the massive structure. 可见A选项的阐述与教授的用意相符。