单选题
{{B}}Task 1{{/B}}
{{B}}Directions:{{/B}}{{I}} After rending the following passage, you will find 5 questions or unfinished statements, numbered 36 to 40. For each question or statement there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. You should. make the correct choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.{{/I}}
To the professional linguist, there is no superiority of any language. Therefore, it is well-accepted in the field of linguistics that there exist no higher or lower grades among languages. People once thought of the languages of backward groups as undeveloped forms of speech, consisting largely of rough and simple sounds. It is possible that language in general began as a series of simple sounds. But it is a fact established by the study of "backward" languages that no spoken tongue answers that description. Most languages of "backward" groups are extremely complex pieces of tool for the transfer of ideas. They "fall behind" the western languages not in their sound pattern or grammatical structures but only in their vocabularies. The sound pattern or grammatical structures usually are fully adequate for all language needs. The vocabulary reflects the objects and activities known to their speakers.
There are two things to be noted. Firstly, all languages seem to possess ways for vocabulary expansion. Vocabulary expands either by putting together its own words or by borrowing words from other languages. Secondly, the "backward" languages are different from ours. The objects and activities which require distinction are often surprisingly numerous and complicated.
单选题 What does the word "superiority" (Line 1, Para. 1) mean?
【正确答案】 B
【答案解析】语义理解题。猜测词义可以根据单词的组成部分,如前缀、后缀等。superiority的前缀是super-意为“超过,超出”。根据第一段第二句话可知,语言没有高低等级之分,即语言无好坏之分,选项B(更好)与单词“superiority”的词义最接近,故选项D为正确答案。 [避错指南] 选项A(完整)、选项C(大)和选项D(微小)与文意不符合,故应排除。
单选题 We can learn from the first paragraph that ______.
【正确答案】 B
【答案解析】推理判断题。本题询问我们从第一段中可以知道什么。根据文章首句的后半部分可知,不存在一种语言比另一种语言更具有优越性的情况,即我们不能说一种语言比另一种语言更好,故选项B为正确答案。 [避错指南] 根据文章首句的后半部分可知,语言无好坏之分,故选项A(一些语言可能比其他语言更好)和选项 D(语言包含一些等级)不符合文意。选项C(很难知道哪一种语言比其他语言更好)隐含着语言有好坏之分这种观点;故此选项也不符合文意。
单选题 The languages of backward groups were regarded as underdeveloped because______.
【正确答案】 D
【答案解析】事实细节题。根据第二段第一句话可知,因为落后群体的语言主要由简略的发音构成,所以人们过去认为他们的语言是没有得到发展的语言形式,故选项D(他们的语言主要包括简略的发音)为正确答案。 [避错指南] 选项A(他们的语言很难懂)、选项B(他们的语言历史不长)和选项C(他们的语言发音很容易理解)在文章当中均未提到,故不选。
单选题 In the author's view, some languages "fall behind" western languages in the aspect of______.
【正确答案】 C
【答案解析】事实细节题。本题询问根据作者的观点,一些语言在哪一方面“落后”于西方的语言。根据第二段第五句话可知,“落后”群体的语言之所以“落后”于西方语言是因为它们的词汇,故选项C为正确答案。 [避错指南] 根据第二段第五句话的前半部分可知,“落后”群体的语言“落后”于西方语言不是在于它们的发音形式和语法结构,故选项A(它们的发音形式)及选项B(它们的语法结构)均与文意不符。选项D(它们的使用者)在文中没有提到。
单选题 Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?
【正确答案】 A
【答案解析】推理判断题。本题询问关于文章内容,下面哪一种说法不正确。根据第一段最后一句话的后半部分可知,语言不存在高低等级,这也就意味着我们不能以等级的观点看待语言,故正确答案为选项A。 [避错指南] 根据第二段第四句话可知,大多数“落后”群体的语言是非常复杂的传递思想的工具,故选项B(大多数“落后”群体的语言复杂得是以表达思想)符合文意。根据第二段第二句话可知,一般来说,语言可能是从一系列简单的发音发展而来的,故选项C(一般而言,语言可能是从简单的发音发展而来的)符合文意。根据第三段第二句话可知;语言词汇扩展有其方法,然后下面一句话讲了词汇扩展的两种方法,故选项D(所有语言似乎都有词汇扩张的体系)也符合文意。