单选题 A. Anyone involved in an international business transaction must have some knowledge not only to protect one's rights, but also to be effective and successful in international trade. Since the basic purpose of international trade is for the seller (exporter) to obtain payment for goods sold and the foreign buyer to obtain the merchandise he ordered, the payment process must satis fy both parties. Exporters want to get paid as quickly as possible, while importers usually prefer delaying payment at least until they have received the merchandise. Depending on the negotiating strength of the parties and upon the credit and business reputation of each, several different types of payment methods can be chosen.
B. However, because of the distance between them, the buyer and seller in most international transactions requiring the shipment of goods will discover that it will be impossible both to have the seller paid upon shipment and to allow the buyer to delay payment until after inspection once the goods have arrived. Thus, the help of others is required to reduce the risk to both the buyer and the seller. The seller and the buyer often do not want to be involved in lawsuits as a result of misunderstanding in the sale of goods contract since such lawsuits are often expensive and may involve foreign legal proceedings with unfamiliar laws and different regulations to at least one of the parties.
C. The contract for the sale of goods between two or more international businesses, thus, will involve more than just the price, quantity, and quality of goods. Many other factors must be taken into account to protect both the buyer and the seller from potential problems over such long distances involving foreign customs and rules. The seller's primary risk in an international transaction is not being paid for his goods. The buyer, in contrast, does not want to pay unless he is assured that the goods have arrived at his location, or at least been shipped. He also is concerned about whether the goods are of the quality and quantity as required in the contract between the parties; therefore, the buyer often wants to inspect the goods before paying for them.
D. Some parts of an international transaction are unique and unlike a domestic transaction for the sale of goods. For example, an international transaction usually involves a geographic separation of the parties, sometimes involving organizations on different continents, therefore, requiring long-distance transportation of goods. The international transaction may involve more than one legal system and perhaps different currencies. Extra regulations may be imposed on an international transaction, such as licensing requirements on exports, customs duties or tariffs, and sometimes also quotas. Moreover, the buyer and seller may not know each other and may not wish to trust each other to comply with mutual promises in a transaction involving a lot of money.
E. To avoid or minimize some of these problems, international commercial businesses and organizations, as a result of years of experience and custom, have tried to set up ways to spread the foreseeable risk to the buyer and seller through the use of specialized language of certain commercial terms (FOB, CFR, CIF, bill of lading, bill of exchange or draft, and irrevocable letter of credit) and through setting up the international transaction as a series of smaller transactions, where the risks are smaller and identifiable to each party.

单选题 International transaction for the sale of goods has its own particular features.

单选题 Besides basic information of goods, a number of other factors should be considered for the protection of two parties from potential problems in a contract of international business.

单选题 The process of shipment of goods has some risks due to distance.

单选题 International commercial businesses and organizations have taken some measures to spread the predictable risks to both parties.

单选题 To ensure an effective international trade, the payment process should be satisfactory to both parties.

单选题 A couple of factors are involved in an international transaction that distinguishes it from a domestic one.

单选题 Both the buyer and the seller have theft specific concerns in an international trade.

单选题 Distance imposes some problems in international transactions, and other assistance is required to minimize the risks to both parities.