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The differences in relative growth of various areas of scientific research have several causes. 71. Some of these causes are completely reasonable results of social needs. Others are reasonable consequences of particular advances in science being to some extent self-accelerating. Some, however, are less reasonable processes of different growth in which preconceptions of the form scientific theory ought to take, by persons in authority, act to alter the growth pattern of different areas. This is a new problem probably not yet unavoidable; but it is a frightening trend. 72.This trend began during the Second World War, when several governments came to the conclusion that the specific demands that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment cannot generally be foreseen in detail. It can be predicted, however, that from time to time questions will arise which will require specific scientific answers. It is therefore generally valuable to treat the scientific establishment as a resource or machine to be kept in functional order. 73. This seems mostly effectively done by supporting a certain amount of research not related to immediate goals but of possible consequence in the future.
This kind of support, like all government support, requires decisions about the appropriate recipients of funds. Decisions based on utility as opposed to lack of utility are straightforward. But a decision among projects none of which has immediate utility is more difficult. The goal of the supporting agencies is the praisable one of supporting "good" as opposed to "bad" science, but a valid determination is difficult to make. Generally, the idea of good science tends to become confused with the capacity of the field in question to generate an elegant theory. 74. However, the world is so made that elegant systems are in principle unable to deal with some of the world''s more fascinating and delightful aspects. 75. New forms of thought as well as new subjects for thought must arise in the future as they have in the past, giving rise to new standards of elegance.
【答案解析】这是个主从复合句。句子的主要结构是：This trend began．．．，when．．．the conclusion that．．．demands that．．．cannot be foreseen in detail。when引导的是非限制性定语从句，修饰 the Second World War。conclusion后的that从句是同位语从句，demands后的that从句是定语从句。不少考生将scientific establishment译成“科学基地，科学装置”，应当译为“科研机构”。
【正确答案】75．
同过去一样，将来必然会出现新的思维方式和新的思维对象，给完美以新的标准。
【答案解析】这是个主从复合句，其主要结构是：New forms of thought．．．must arise in the future as they have．．．as引导的是方式状语从句，应译成“正如”。have后面省掉了arisen。
【答案解析】这是个简单句。难点是not related to immediate goals but of possible consequence in the future，这是后置定语，修饰research。
【正确答案】74．
然而，世界就是如此，完美的体系一般而言是无法解决世上某些更加引人入胜的课题的。
【答案解析】这是个主从复合句，主要结构是．．．the world is so made that．．．。句中的难点是．．． elegant systems are in principle unable to deal with．．．。有不少考生译成“原则上完美的理论系统不能处理……”应当译为，“完美的体系一般来讲是无法解决……”。