单选题
The question of parenting has become of increasing interest to economists. At the American Economic Association"s annual meeting in Denver this year, for example, there was a
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on the effect of mothers" employment on their children, as well as household
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and child development.
Economists are
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increasingly on studies from epigenetics, which demonstrate the way parenting and other
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factors transform genes. But
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most debates regarding nature
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nurture tend to look at what happens to people during childhood, Janet Currie, an economist at Columbia University, has looked at the effects that
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might have on children even before they are born.
In a paper
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as the Richard T. Ely lecture at the A. E. A. meeting, she reviewed studies looking at
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better maternal education and government food
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can help raise birth weights among babies, an indicator that can
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future health. Stopping smoking or taking drugs, not
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, also improves birth weights.
In examining the effects of pollution on birth weight, she
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that one of the reasons poor, minority mothers tend to live
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to polluted areas is that such neighborhoods tend to be viewed as blighted by more
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and white residents, and that
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home prices or rents are more
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for those living on low incomes. She also posited the
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that "some groups are less able to process and act on information about hazards."
Ms. Currie
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that because changes made by mothers or families while a baby is in the womb can affect birth weight, and in
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, future health, "we cannot assume that differences that are present at birth reflect unchangeable, genetic factors."
【答案解析】[解析] 词汇辨析和固定搭配题。本题考查动词的过去分词作后置定语的用法。A选项“授予”与C选项“捐赠”填入空格分别为“A.E.A.年会授予的论文”“A.E.A.年会捐赠的论文”,不合逻辑,故排除。B选项意为“出版”,虽可以修饰paper,但不能说“在A.E.A.年会上出版的论文”,故B选项也排除。D选项这里用的是熟词生义,含义为offer sth. for consideration“提交供考虑”,指“在A.E.A.年会上提交的论文”,符合句意,故D选项为答案。
【答案解析】[解析] 上下文语义题。前半句说“在验证污染对出生重量的影响时”,空格后为that引导的宾语从句that one of the reasons... is that...“……的一个原因是……”,其内容为Janet Currie的观点,B选项意为“提出,建议”,是单纯表达观点,最符合语境,故为正确答案。A选项意为“预料,期望”;C选项意为“打算,准备”;D选项意为“推荐”,均不符合文意,故排除。
【答案解析】[解析] 词汇辨析题。这里的more ______ and white residents与poor,minority mothers相对,因此空格处所填词应当是poor的反义词。A选项意为“丰富的,充裕的;盛产的”,指物质方面供应充足,其反义词是scarce,不能修饰人,故排除。B选项意为“富裕的,有钱的”,是poor的反义词,符合上下文语义,故为正确答案。C选项意为“舒服的;无忧无虑的”,也有“寓足的”之意,但用此意时,只作表语,不作定语,故排除。D选项意为“大量的,丰富的”,也指物质方面,同abundant是近义词,故排除。
【正确答案】
C
【答案解析】[解析] 逻辑衔接题。空格处的句子较复杂,宾语从句的骨干是one of the reasons...is that...and that...,据此看出,两个that均引导表语从句,第一个表语从句提到,这样的社区通常被更为富裕的白人居民视为贫民区,第二个表语从句提到,房价或者租金对于靠低收入生活的人就更______,显然,从第一个表语从句的表述能够推出第二个表语从句的结论,两者为因果关系,C选项“因此,结果”正确。A、B项表转折,意为“然而;尽管如此”,D项意为“进而”,表递进,均不符合原文逻辑。
【正确答案】
A
【答案解析】[解析] 词汇辨析和上下文语义题。home prices or rents指的是polluted areas(blighted neighborhoods)的房价和租金,这种地方的房价或者租金对于靠低收入生活的人显然更能“负担得起”,故A选项“负担得起的”为正确答案。