单选题 Jill Ker Conway, president of Smith, echoes the prevailing view of contemporary technology when she says that " anyone in today's world who doesn't understand data processing is not educated. "But she insists that the increasing emphasis on these matters leave certain gaps. Says she: "The very strongly utilitarian emphasis in education, which is an effect of man-made satellites and the cold war, has really removed from this culture something that was very profound in its 18th and 19th century roots, which was a sense that literacy and learning were ends in themselves for a democratic republic. "
In contrast to Plato's claim for the social value of education, a quite different idea of intellectual purposes was advocated by the Renaissance humanists. Overjoyed with their rediscovery of the classical learning that was thought to have disappeared during the Dark Ages, they argued that the imparting of knowledge needs no justification--religious, social, economic, or political. Its purpose, to the extent that it has one, is to pass on from generation to generation the corpus of knowledge that constitutes civilization. "What could man acquire, by virtuous striving, that is more valuable than knowledge?" asked Erasmus, perhaps the greatest scholar of the early 16th century. That idea has acquired a tradition of its own. "The educational process has no end beyond itself," said John Dewey. "It is its own end " '
But what exactly is the corpus of knowledge to be passed on? In simpler times, it was all included in the medieval universities' Quadrivium ( arithmetic, geometry, astronomy, music ) and Trivium( grammar, rhetoric ,logic). As recently as the last century ,when less than 5% of Americans went to college at all, students in New England establishments were compelled mainly to memorizeand recite various Latin texts, and crusty professors angrily opposed the introduction of any new scientific discoveries or modern European languages. "They felt," said regretfully Charles Francis Adams, Jr. ,the Union Pacific Railroad president who devoted his later years to writing history," that a classical education was the important distinction between a man who had been to college and a man who had not been to college, and that anything that diminished the importance of this distinction was essentially revolutionary and tended to anarchy. "

单选题 The first paragraph shows that Jill Ker Conway accepts utilitarian emphasis in education

A. wholeheartedly.
B. with reservation.
C. against her own will.
D. with contempt.

单选题 Education for education's sake was probably opposed by

A. scholars in the Renaissance period.
B. Jill Ker Conway.
C. scholars in the Dark Ages.
D. Plato.

【正确答案】 D

【答案解析】[解析] 该题为细节题。根据第二段第一句和第二句“In contrast to Plato's claim for the social value of education, a quite different idea of intellectual purposes was advocated by the Renaissance humanists. Overjoyed with…they argued that the imparting of knowledge needs no justification--religious, social, economic, or political.”我们知道，柏拉图认为教育应该具有社会价值，而文艺复兴时期的人文主义者持有与柏拉图完全不同的观点，提出知识的传授不应该具有宗教、礼会、经济、政治目的，由此我们可以推断出，文艺复兴时期的人文主义者间意“教育只为教育而生”即“education for education's sake”的观点，而柏拉图持相反的观点，选项C在文中没有提到；根据对第56题的分析可知，吉尔·克尔。康维虽支持实用主义教育，但仍认为它有一些欠缺。综合考虑，最有可能反对“教育的目的就是教育本身。”的是柏拉图，故选择D项。

单选题 The idea that education transmits knowledge is dated back to

A. the Renaissance humanists.
B. the medieval universities.
C. the 18th century's American scholars.
D. the cold war period.

【正确答案】 B

【答案解析】[解析] 该题为细节题。根据第三段第二句“In simpler times, it was all included in the medieval universities' Quadrivium (arithmetic, geometry, astronomy, music) and Trivium(grammar, rhetoric, logic).”我们知道，在简单时代，中世纪大学向学生传授四门学科(算术、几何、天文、音乐)和三学科(语法、修辞、逻辑)的知识，因此我们可以判断出教育传授知识的观点可以追溯剑中世纪大学，选择B项。

单选题 It can be inferred that Charles Francis Adams, Jr.

A. devoted his later years to classical education.
B. was an advocate of education in history.
C. was an opponent to classical education.
D. regretted diminishing the importance of the distinction.

【正确答案】 C

【答案解析】[解析] 该题为细节加推理题。根据第三段第四句“…Charles Francis Adams, Jr. , …devoted his later years to writing history…”我们知道，小查尔斯·弗兰西斯·亚当斯在晚年致力于历史写作，故A项错误；根据第三段第四句“…Charles Francis Adams, Jr. , the Union Pacific Railroad president who devoted his later years to writing history…”我们知道，小查尔斯·弗兰西斯·亚当斯是太平洋铁路联盟的主席，在晚年时期致力于历史写作，由此我们可以推断出他之所以谈论到教育问题，只是将其作为其历史写作的一部分，这并不能说明他是历史上的教育倡导者，故不选择B项；根据第三段第四句中" 'They felt, ' said regretfully Charles Francis Adams, Jr. . … 'that a classical education was the important distinction between a man who had been to college and a man who had not been to college, and that anything that diminished the importance of this distinction was essentially revolutionary and tended to anarchy. ' " 我们知道，小查尔斯·弗兰两斯·哑当斯遗憾地说道：“他们认为古典教育是区别一个人有没有受过大学教育的重要标准，而且还认为对这个标准的抹杀从根本上来说都是在制造革命，并且很可能陷入混乱。”因此，我们可以判断出小查尔斯·弗兰西斯·亚当斯对古典教育持反对观点，故选择C项；根据C项的分析，我们知道小查尔斯·弗兰西斯·亚当斯对上世纪大学教授认为古典教育是区别一个人有没有受过大学教育的重要标准的观点表示遗憾，而非对区别标准的抹杀表示遗憾，故D项错误。

单选题 According to the third paragraph, which of the following is true?

A. Five percent of American college students learnt Latin texts.
B. Students in New England learnt Latin texts in official organizations.
C. Students were compelled to learn modern European languages.
D. American college students had to learn Latin grammar by heart.

【正确答案】 B

【答案解析】[解析] 该题为细节题。根据第三段第三句“As recently as the last century, when less than 5% of Americans went to college at all, students in New England establishments were compelled mainly to memorize and recite various Latin texts…”我们知道，上世纪美国只有不到5%的人接受大学教育，而只有新英格兰教育机构的学生们被强迫记忆及背诵各类拉丁文课文，故A、D项错误；根据A项的分析我们知道，新英格兰的学生在教育机构学习拉丁文课文，教育机构属于官方组织，故B项正确；根据第三段第三句“…crusty professors angrily opposed the introduction of any new scientific discoveries or modem European languages.”我们知道，脾气暴躁的大学教授愤怒的反对引进任何新科学发现或者现代欧洲语言，故C项错误。