阅读理解  In a 3-month period last year, two Brooklynites had to be cut out of their apartments and carried to hospital on stretchers designed for transporting small whales. The National Association to Advance Fat Acceptance (NAAFA) argues that it was not their combined 900kg bulk that made them ill. Obesity, according to NAAFA, is not bad for you. And, even if it was, there is nothing to be done about it, because genes dictate weight. Attempting to eat less merely slows metabolism, having people as chubby as ever.

This is the fat-lash movement that causes American’s slimming industry so much pain. In his book Bin Fat Lies (Ballantine, 1996), Glenn Gaesser says that no study yet has convincingly shown that weight is an independent cause of health problems. Fatness does not kill people; things like hypertension, coronary heart diseases and cancer do. Michael Fumento, author of The Fat of the Land (Viking, 1997), an anti, fat-lash diatribe, compares Dr. Gaesser’s logic with saying that the guillotine did not kill Louis Ⅹ Ⅳ: Rather, it was the severing feet into a wicker basket.

Being fat kills in several ways. It makes people far more likely to suffer from heart disease or high blood pressure. Even moderate obesity increases the chance of contracting diabetes. Being 40% overweight makes people 30%-50% more likely to die of cancer, according to the American Cancer Society. Extreme fatness makes patients so much less likely to survive surgery that many doctors refuse to operate until they slim.

The idea that being overweight is caused by obesity genes is not wholly false; research have found a number of genes that appear to make some people bum off energy at a slower rate. But genes are not destiny. The difference between someone with a genetic predisposition to gain weight and someone without appears to be roughly 40 calories—or a spoonful of mayonnaise—a day.

An alternative fat-lash argument, advanced in books such as Dean Onrush’s Eat More, Weight Less (Harper Collies, 1993) and Date Atren’s Don’t Diet (William Morrow, 1978), is that fatness is not a matter of eating too much. They note that as Americans, weight has ballooned over the last few decades, their reported caloric intake has plunged. This simply explains peopled own recollection of how much they eat is extremely unreliable. And as they grow fatter, people feel guilty and are more likely to fib about how much they eat. All reputable studies show that eating less and exercising reduce weight.

Certainly, the body’s metabolism slows a little when you lose weight, because it takes less energy to carry less bulk around, and because dieting can make the body fear it is about to starve. But a sensible low-fat diet makes weight loss possible. The fat-lash movement is dangerous, because slimmers will often find any excuse to give up. To tell people that it is healthy to be obese is to encourage them to live sick and die young.

单选题 The two Brooklynites in the 1 st paragraph were _____.
【正确答案】 B
【答案解析】由第一段可知, 两人是因为肥胖而被送进医院的, 故B项正确。 A、 C项文章中未提到。 两个病人不能证明fatlash运动高涨, 故D项是错误的。
单选题 The National Association to Advance Fat Acceptance holds that _____.
【正确答案】 C
【答案解析】由第一段可知NAAFA认为肥胖无害, 故A项是错误的。 B项文章中未提到。 第一段倒数第二句话说到基因决定人的胖瘦, 故C项是正确的。 NAAFA只是认肥胖对人体无害, 并没有说有好处, 故D项是错误的。
单选题 What can be concluded according to the author’s view of the “obesity genes”?
【正确答案】 A
【答案解析】由第四段最后两句话可知, 基因并不能决定一切, 因此减肥不会因为肥胖基因的干扰而没有任何作用, 故A项正确。 B项和作者的观点是相反的。 D项文中未提到。
单选题 The word “fib” in the 7 th sentence of paragraph 5, probably means _____.
【正确答案】 D
【答案解析】fib意为“撒小谎”。
单选题 Which of the following statements is true?
【正确答案】 B
【答案解析】由第五段可知虽然美国人声称自己摄入的卡路里量下降, 但这并不是真的, 故A项是错误的。 美国人总是在食物摄入量上撒谎, 所以并不能推出他们知道自己吃了多少, 故C项不正确。 根据最后一段最后一句话可以知道D项不正确。