单选题
Americans spend billions of dollars each year trying to change their weight with diets, gym memberships and plastic surgery. Trying to live up to the images of 'perfect' models and movie heroes has a dark side: anxiety, depression, as well as unhealthy strategies for weight loss or muscle gain. It also has a financial cost. Having an eating disorder boosts annual health care costs by nearly US$2,000 per person. Why is there both external and internal pressure to look 'perfect'? One reason is that society rewards people who are thin and healthy-looking. Researchers have shown that body mass index is related to wages and income. Especially for women, there is a clear penalty at work for being overweight or obese. Some studies have also found an impact for men, though a less noticeable one. While the research literature is clear that labor market success is partly based on how employers and customers perceive your body image, no one had explored the other side of the question. Does a person's own perception of body image matter to earnings and other indicators of success in the workplace? Our recently published study answered this question by tracking a large national random sample of Americans over a critical time period when bodies change from teenage shape into adult form and when people build their identities. As in other research, women in our sample tend to over-perceive their weight—they think they're healthier than they are—while men tend to under-perceive theirs. We found no relationship between the average person's self-perception of weight and labor market outcomes, although self-perceived weight can influence self-esteem (自尊心), mental health and health behaviors While the continued gender penalty in the labor market is frustrating, our finding that misperceived weight does not harm workers is more heartening. Since employers' perception of weight is what matters in the labor market, changing discrimination laws to include body type as a category would help. Michigan is the only state that prohibits discrimination on the basis of weight and height. We believe expanding such protections would make the labor market more fair and efficient.
单选题
What does the author say may have an adverse impact on people?______
单选题
What have researchers found out about people's earnings?______
【正确答案】
B
【答案解析】根据题目中的earnings定位到第3段第3句。 题目询问关于人们的收入,研究人员发现了什么。第3段第3句提到,研究人员已经表明,身体质量指数与工资和收入息息相关。原文中的wages and income对应题目中的earnings,因此,与收入相关的是body mass index“身体质量指数”。结合选项,只有B项“它们与人的体重和体形有关”提到了身体的情况,故为答案。 A项“它们与人们的社会地位紧密相关”中的social status没有依据。C项“与女性相比,它们对男性的影响似乎要小得多”,文章只是提到了与女性相比,男性往往低估自己的体重,这与题目中的earnings无关。D项“它们可能不等于人们的贡献”无原文依据,故排除。
单选题
What does the author's recent study focus on?______
【正确答案】
C
【答案解析】根据题目中的recent study定位到第5段。 题目询问作者最近研究的焦点。第5段开头提到了Our recently published study answered this question,由此可知this question是最近研究的焦点。this question回指第4段最后一句“一个人对自己身体形象的看法是否会影响他的收入和其他反映职场成功的指标呢?”,C项“对自我身体形象的认知是否会影响一个人的职场成功”与此相符,故为答案。 A项“以往关于职场竞争指标的文献”完全没有在文中提及。B项“一个人在劳动力市场上追求成功时最重要的品质”中的traits that matter most也没有原文依据。D项“老板对身体形象的看法如何影响员工的晋升”的employees' advancement毫无依据。
单选题
What is the finding of the author's recent research?______