Passage D
Petroleum products, such as gasoline, kerosene, home heating oil, residual fuel oil, and lubricating oils, come from one source—crude oil found below the earth’s surface, as well as under large bodies of water, from a few hundred feet below the surface to as deep as 25,000 feet into the earth’s interior. Sometimes crude oil is secured by drilling a hole through the earth, but more dry holes are drilled than those producing oil. Pressure at the source or pumping forces crude oil to the surface.
Crude oil wells flow at varying rates, from ten to thousands of barrels per hour. Petroleum products are always measured 42-gallon barrels.
Petroleum products vary greatly in physical appearance: thin, thick, transparent or opaque, but regardless, their chemical composition is made up of two elements: carbon and hydrogen, which form compounds called hydrocarbons. Other chemical elements found in union with the hydrocarbons are few and are classified as impurities. Trace elements are also found, but these are of such minute quantifies that they are disregarded. The combination of carbon and hydrogen forms many thousands of compounds which are possible because of the various positions and joinings of these two atoms in the hydrocarbon molecule.
The various petroleum products are refined from the crude oil by heating and condensing the vapors. These products are the so-called light oils, such as gasoline, kerosene, and distillate oil. The residue remaining after the light oils are distilled is known as heavy or residual fuel oil and is used mostly for burning under boilers. Additional complicated terming processes rear~ range the chemical structure of the hydrocarbons to produce other products, some of which are used to upgrade and increase the octane rating of various types of gasoline.
Which of the following is NOT true?
根据第一段第一句“Petroleum products...from a few hundred feet below the surface to as deep as 25,000 feet into the earth’s interior.”可知，原油通常在水面下100—25000英尺中，因此答案选B。
Many thousands of hydrocarbon compounds are possible because ________.
根据第三段最后一句“The combination of carbon and hydrogen forms many thousands of compounds which are possible because of the various positions and joinings of these two atoms in the hydrocarbon molecule.”可知， 碳和氢的形式很多，可能是因为这两个原子的化合物的组合框架烃分子的位置不同，因此答案选C。
Which of the following is true?
根据最后一段第一句“The various petroleum products are refined from the crude oil by heating and condensing the vapors.”可知，各种原油产品是通过加热和冷凝蒸汽从原油中提炼出来的，因此答案选B。
How is crude oil brought to the surface?
根据第一段最后一句“Pressure at the source or pumping forces crude oil to the surface.”可知，原油的压力 或原油的泵送力使原油到达表面，因此答案选B。
Which of the following is NOT listed as a light oil?
根据最后一段第二句“These products are the so-called light oils, such as gasoline, kerosene, and distillate oil.”可知，lubrication oil（润滑油）不属于轻油，因此答案选C。