单选题 {{B}}Directions:{{/B}} Read tile following text. Choose the best
word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C, and D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10
points)
Starting with his review of Skinner's
Verbal Behavior, Noam Chomsky had led the psycholinguists who argue that man has
developed an innate (天生的) capacity for dealing with the linguistic universals
common to all languages. Experience and learning then provide only information
about the{{U}} (1) {{/U}}instances of those universal aspects of
language which are needed to communicate with other people within a particular
language{{U}} (2) {{/U}}. This linguistic approach{{U}}
(3) {{/U}}the view that language is built upon learned associations
between words. What is learned is not strings of words per se (本身), but{{U}}
(4) {{/U}}rules that enable a speaker to{{U}} (5) {{/U}}an
infinite variety of novel sentences. {{U}}(6) {{/U}}single words are
learned as concepts: they do not stand in a one-to-one{{U}} (7)
{{/U}}with the particular thing signified, but{{U}} (8) {{/U}}all
members of a general class. This view of the innate aspect of
language learning is at first not readily{{U}} (9) {{/U}}into existing
psychological frameworks and{{U}} (10) {{/U}}a challenge that has
stimulated much thought and new research directions. Chomsky argues that a
precondition for language development is the existence of certain principles
"intrinsic (原有的) to the mind" that provide invariant structures{{U}} (11)
{{/U}}perceiving, learning and thinking. Language{{U}} (12)
{{/U}}all of these processes; thus its study{{U}} (13) {{/U}}our
theories of knowledge in general. Basic to this model of
language is the notion that a child's learning of language is a kind of
theory{{U}} (14) {{/U}}. It's thought to be accomplished{{U}} (15)
{{/U}}explicit instruction, {{U}}(16) {{/U}}of intelligence level,
at an early age when he is not capable of other complex{{U}} (17)
{{/U}}or motor achievements, and with relatively little reliable data to go
on. {{U}}(18) {{/U}}, the child constructs a theory of an ideal language
which has broad{{U}} (19) {{/U}}power. Chomsky argues that all children
could not develop the same basic theory{{U}} (20) {{/U}}it not for the
innate existence of properties of mental organization which limit the possible
properties of languages.
【答案解析】名词辨析题。a particular language community指共讲某一语言的社区，community“社区”，包括人们和他们生活的社区，其他选项只限指地区，不合文意。region“地区、区域”，较大的地区；district“地区、行政区”，比region小，通常是某国家或城市具体的地区；vicinity“邻近、附近”。
【正确答案】
A
【答案解析】动词辨析与上下文理解题。句意为：乔姆斯基的语言学观点抨击另一观点。attack“攻击、抨击”，可指任何攻击行为，符合文意。assaults“攻击、袭击”，指身体很近的接触和极端暴力；charges“控告、指控”，通常用法为：charge that或charge sb. with sth. ；accuses“控告、指责”，用法为：accuse sb. of sth．。
【答案解析】动词辨析及用法题。句意为：这种语言学习内在性的观点起初并未融入当时的心理学框架。be integrated into/with“使成为一体、使结合在一起”，其他不合文意或用法。combined“使结合/联合”，通常用做combine A with B；blended“混合”，通常用法为：blend with/together；mixed“使混合”，用法为： mix A with B或mix sth．together/in。
【正确答案】
B
【答案解析】动词辨析及搭配题。句意为：新的语言学观点提出了一种挑战。present a challenge“提出挑战”，其他选项不合搭配或文意。meets a challenge“接受挑战”；offers“主动给予”；makes不与challenge搭配。
【答案解析】固定搭配题。句意为：该研究提示了知识理论，所以选B，shed/throw/cast light on/upon意为“阐明、使更清楚”，其他选项不合文意。tunes in to“收听、调谐”；leaves behind“留下、忘记带”；sets forth“陈述、阐明”。
【正确答案】
D
【答案解析】名词辨析及上下文理解题。句意为：孩子学习语言的过程类似建构理论。又根据后文the child constructs a theory...一句，判断选D。consttruction意为“思想或理论的建设、构造”。其他选项不合文意或用法。fabrication“编造(谎言/借口)、制造”；erection“树立、建立”；creation“创造、发明”。