Questions are based on the following passage.
Those who fight against alcohol sales say the extra tax comes at a cost. Lee Miller,a leader of Angelina Citizens for a Better Community, the group vowing to defeat the measure, points to data from the State of-Texas showing that for every US$1 in revenue the state received from alcohol, US$9 is paid out for expenses like treatment for alcohol abuse, law enforcement services and motor vehicle crashes. “This will not benefit us as a community，” Mr. Miller said “It costs us more money in expenses and in the lives of our children.”
Mr. Miller, who does not drink, says he is concerned that if the vote passes, his 12-year-old daughter and 14-year-old son will have easier access to alcohol.
David Hatch, the political strategist of Angelina County Citizens for Responsible Business (ACCRB)， argues that Mr. Miller’s cost revenue figures paint an inaccurate picture because they do not consider the additional sales taxes from alcohol purchases, only revenue from alcohol excise taxes, the bulk of which flow to the state.
Oscar Dillahunty, a 69-year-old, one-time beer distributor who hired Mr. Hatch and started ACCRB, has estimated that the county could rack up at least US$15 million in annual beer sales alone, which would translate into US$225,000 in sales tax revenue for Lufkin and US$75,000 for the county. He says his estimate is based on sales in a similar county in Mississippi， where he previously owned a beer distributor.
Many officials in towns and counties that recently went wet say they have not seen an increase in reported crime or drunken driving. Steven Cagle, the city manager in Duncanville, said the town had not devolved into “Drunkenville,” as church groups claimed it would.
Three police chiefs — David Walker of Fort Payne, Tex., Benny Womack of Albertville, Ala., and Eddie Phillips of East Ridge, Tenn. — all say they have not seen any increase in law enforcement problems since alcohol sales began in 2004.
But just as the feared public mayhem wrought by alcohol abuse often fails to materialize, the economic prosperity is often absent, too. In Albertville, Ala., the Rev. Willis Kelly, who preach es at Douglas First Baptist Church, says he is still waiting for the town's financial boom. “The folks that wanted it to go wet campaigned on the idea that it would bring in money to build a new school,” Mr. Kelly said. “Last year, they collected only a little over US$100,000 in extra taxes. That wouldn't even buy toilet paper.”
Mr. Kelly says that since the vote in June, no new restaurants have opened in Albertville, a town of 18,000 people 65 miles from Birmingham， and only one of the two grocery stores in town opted to sell beer and wine.
Jon Howard, director of finance for Albertville, would not confirm Mr. Kelly's tax numbers, and Mayor Carl Pruett declined to comment on the town's economy.
In Lufkin, where in recent years the economy has been surging without the help of alcohol sales, some citizens just want their town to be a bit more like, the rest of the country and a little less Bible Belt. “This is the 21st century,” said Ernest Rowe, a 70-year-old retired forest worker. “I just want to be able to buy my case of Coors Light, come home and pop open a cold one.”
According to Lee Miller, alcohol sales fails to increase________.
逻辑推理。第一段第一行表明给售酒加税会付出代价。本段 “for every US$1 in revenue the state received from alcohol, US$9 is paid out for expenses like …”计算了收支情况，即收支比为1:9, 且支付的费用都因售酒而起，得不偿失。
[知识拓展] 英语语篇重视数据等事实的说服力，以数据为依据进行推理，故在平时阅读训练时留意它们并加以运用，能加深理解，提高答题准确率。
The word “measure” underlined in Paragraph 1 means________.
语篇衔接。第一段出现the m easure,用了定冠词，表明该措施是确定的已知信息，在语境中业已提到的措施是第一行的extra tax，即the measure回指extra tax。
[知识拓展]语篇衔接手段较多，如照应、省略、替代、连接等语法手段，重复、同义、反义、 上下义、搭配等词汇手段。它们不仅有助于更好地理解原文局部意义，还有助于逻辑推理，整体把握篇章语义。
The ________ is the collector of alcohol excise taxes.
近义表述。本题题干中的collector根据语境判断意为“收税员、税收获得者”， 即问题是谁收取了酒类消费税。第三段第四行“ ...alcohol excise taxes， the bulk of which flow to the state” 中的非限定性定语从句清楚表明酒类消费税中大部分流入了州财政。
[知识拓展] 同位语、非限定性定语从句都有补充说明的功能，阅读时有意识利用它们 可帮助理解与解题。
Mr. Hatch shares the opinions of ________.
比较判断。第三 段 Mr. H atch的观点是Mr. Miller’s cost revenue不准确，只 计算了消费税，没有考虑 the additional sales taxes from alcohol purchases; 第四段 Oscar Dillahunty的观点是该县啤酒年销售额至少US$15 million，给 Lufkin带来税收 US$225,000，县财政 US$75,000; 第六段 Benny Womack 的观点是 they have not seen any increase in law enforcement problems since alcohol sales began in 2004 ,驳斥了Mr. M iller的观点； Carl Pruett出现在第九段，作为镇长，他拒绝评论该镇的经济； Ernest Rowe在最后一段，他只想回家喝一杯冰镇啤酒。把 Mr. Hatch的观点与四个选项提到 的人两相比较，只有Oscar Dillahunty与之接近，二者都认为酒类销售可以增加财政 收入。
[知识拓展]比较判断属于scanning，阅读时把题目涉及的人名和观点（尤其是关键词) 勾画出来，便于快速比较、提高阅读速度与理解的准确性。
The phrase “public mayhem” underlined in Paragraph 7 refers to ________.
词义界定。不同于第2题依赖语篇衔接手段即可确定词义，本题需要语境。假设 mayhem是生词，要确定词义，只能依靠上下文，即语境。首先，从局部语境“...just as the feared public mayhem wrought by alcohol abuse， the economic prosperity …” 判断， mayhem是alcohol abuse的结果，是公众担心的（feared)不好的结果。其次，扩大语境 来看，第一段第五行提到三点： alcohol abuse， law enforcement services 和 motor vehicle crashes。第五段第二行驳斥了 vehicle crashes, 第三行驳斥了 alcohol abuse, 第六段 最后一行驳斥了 law enforcement problems。紧接着第七段开头出现了本题的设问，因此，综合起来，选项C概括了上述问题。
[知识拓展]根据框架语义学，要理解语言中词语的意义，必须先具备概念结构，懂得 词语在话语中使用的背景和动因。词语可以通过它所在的语言结构，选择并突出基本 语义框架的某些方面或某些实例。它是以一定的方式进行的。本题的词义界定就需要 依赖局部语境和整体语境提供的实例，通过推理来确定。
The last sentence of Paragraph 7 uses a metaphorical device termed________.
修辞手段。筹到的款项尚不足购买厕纸，用这样的修辞手段表明筹到的金额之低，远不及预期目标，属于夸张。
[知识拓展]常用修辞手段包括 simile (明喻) ， metaphor (隐喻) ， synecdoche (提喻)， metonymy (借代) ， personification (拟人)， hyperbole (夸张)， pun (双关) ， analogy (类比)， irony (反语) ， allegory (讽喻)， onomatopoeia (拟声)， parallelism (排比) ， synesthesia (通 感) ， rhetorical repetition (叠言) ， alliteration (头韵) ， euphemism (委婉）等。
Mr. Carl Pruett appears in the same stand as________.
比较判断。第九段对比了两人的态度，首先Jon Howard不予证实Mr. Kelly的税收数据，其次Carl Pruett作为镇长拒绝评论该镇的经济，二人对于争议问题都不明确表 态，因而立场相同，故选A。
[知识拓展] 比较判断时需抓住核心词，表明Mr. Carl Pruett立场的核心词为would not confirm，而 Carl Pruett则是declined to comment，故抓住这两处有利于判断立场和态度。
The “Bible Belf” underlined in the last paragraph refers to an area where________.
词义界定。第十段大意为“一些居民想本镇与大部分地区一样有酒出售，这样人 们回家可以惬意地来一瓶” ，由语境确立了词义，故选A。
The Rev. Willis Kelly________.
语义推理。第七段第一句为本段主题句，即人们担心酗酒会带来社会混乱，但实际上这一点并未变成现实，且经济繁荣也未实现。余文对此予以例证，比如提到的经 济没有起色，增税不足以提振经济。因此，C选项符合原意。
[知识拓展] 英语许多段落都有主题句，多数在段首，也有在段中和段末的。段首主题 句经常由段落其余部分予以论证支撑，思路清晰，逻辑严密。本文第七段即如此。就 本题而言，命题者成功设置了一个强有力的干扰项A，其语义与牧师Kelly的原话非常 近似，但 is still waiting这样的表达属委婉表述，字面意思似乎是“他还在等待经济繁荣”，其实深层意思为经济并没有起色。
The passage is a/an________.
题材分类。由于本文有许多意见表达，且不同人士意见相左，故读者容易选择C 或D。实际上，本篇材料就售酒加税一事，征求了不同地方、不同行业人士的看法， 属于客观报道，因此选A。
[知识拓展] 新闻报道的特点是时效性强，内容真实、新鲜、及时。记者通过彻底的调查才逼近真相，揭示事件的整体情况。其目标往往是当前读者最关心的问题。