Transportation and communication networks bring people together. Yet sometimes people themselves create barriers (障碍) to transportation and communication.
In many countries, laws stop their citizens from moving freely from place to place. Over the centuries, many groups of people have been denied the freedom to travel because of their race, religion, or nationality. In the Middle Ages, for example, Jews were often forbidden to move about freely within certain cities. South Africa"s government used to require black Africans to carry passes when they travel within the country. Some governments require all citizens to carry identification papers and to report to government officials whenever they move.
Countries set up customs posts at their borders. Foreign travellers must go through a customs inspection before they are allowed to travel in the country. Usually travellers have to carry special papers such as passports and visas (签证). Some countries even limit the number of visitors to their country each year. Others allow tourists to visit only certain areas of the country, or they may require that travellers be with an official guide at all times during their stay.
Many of those barriers to travel also act as barriers to communication. When two governments disagree with each other on important matters, they usually do not want their citizens to exchange news or ideas freely. Countries often try to keep military or industrial information secret.
Today, people have the ability to travel, to communicate and to transport goods more quickly and easily than ever before. Natural barriers that were difficult or dangerous to cross a hundred years ago can now be crossed easily. The barriers that people themselves make are not so easy to overcome. But in spite of all the different kinds of barriers, people continue to enjoy travel and the exchange of goods and ideas.
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Paragraph 2 1.
A. Continuous communication in spite of barriers
B. Barriers inside the country
C. Travel around the world
D. Barriers to communication
E. Barriers across the countries
F. Political powers
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Paragraph 3 1.
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Paragraph 4 1.
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Paragraph 5 1.
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Communication brings people together, but sometimes 1.
A. they usually do not want their citizens to communicate
B. there are wars among countries
C. a customs inspection
D. people make barriers to block it
E. a health examination
F. they carried passes
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In the past, black Africans could travel in South Africa only if 1.
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Before foreign travellers are allowed to enter the country, they must go through 1.
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When two governments have disagreements on key issues, 1.