【正确答案】 D

【答案解析】[听力原文]
   I'm going to introduce two current points of view about the motivation for writing the United States Constitution back in 1.787. The first one is called the idealist view. The idealists basically believe that the writers of the Constitution were motivated by ideas. Which ideas? The ideas of the Revolutionary War, such as liberty and democracy. The idealists remind that the young country had a lot of problems: an economic depression, a large war debt, lawlessness and trade barriers between the states. They argue that the representatives needed to control these problems in order for the United States to survive. The other point of view is the economic view. The economic view is that the writers of the Constitution were concerned about their own financial interests. According to them most people care about wealth, and the wealthiest people were especially afraid of losing their money. The writers wanted a strong central government that would promote trade, protect private property and perhaps most of all collect taxes to pay off the United States' large war debts, because a number of those who wrote the Constitution had loaned money to the government during the revolution. Which view is correct? Historians who wrote during the calm and prosperous 1950s found reasons to believe the idealist view. Those who wrote during the trouble of 1960s found support for the economic view point. I'd say that neither view is complete. Both the idealist and the economic perspective contribute a part to the whole picture.
   Q: What is the talk mainly about?
我要为大家介绍一下对于编写美国1787年宪法的初衷目前存在的两种观点。第一种观点被称为理想主义者观点。理想主义者们基本相信美国宪法的编写者们是受到了某种思想的激励。他们受到了什么思想的激励呢?激励他们的正是美国独立战争中诞生的种种思想，譬如自由和民主。理想主义者提醒，这个年轻的国家存在着许多问题：经济萧条、庞大的战争债务、法制瘫痪以及州与州之间的贸易壁垒。他们认为代表们应当对以上问题加以控制，使美国得以幸存下去。另外一种观点则被称为经济观点。持经济方面观点的人认为，美国宪法的编写者关注的是自身的财产利益。在他们看来，大多数人都很在乎财富，最富有的人尤其害怕失去他们的钱财。因此，宪法的编写者们想要一个强大的中央政府来促进贸易，保护私有财产，最重要的或许是通过征税来偿还美国巨额的战争债务，这是由于宪法的编写者中有许多人在独立战争期间借款给了美国政府。那么，哪种观点是正确的呢?在和平而繁荣的20世纪50年代，著书立说的历史学家认为有理由相信理想主义者的观点，而到了麻烦丛生的20世纪60年代，有所著述的历史学家们开始支持关于经济因素的观点。可在我看来，这两种观点都不全面。理想主义观点和经济观点都是构成历史全貌的一个组成部分。
   快速浏览各题选项，根据Revolutionary War、tax、Constitution、wealthy、State、government policy等关键词可知，短文的主题可能与国家、宪法、政策等有关，具体细节需要进一步分析各个选项。
   ①两项提及Constitution。
   ②四项均为名词(性)短语，相互之间的关联度不高。
   结论：由于本题为本篇短文的第一题，因此很可能考查听力短文的主题。
   讲话者在开头处就介绍自己将要谈论的内容是“对于美国编写1787年宪法的初衷目前存在的两种观点”，D项中的motives for creating是原文中the motivation for writing的同义转述，the United States Constitution为关键词复现。故选D。