| War may be a natural expression of
biological instincts and drives toward aggression in the human species.
Natural{{U}} (1) {{/U}}of anger, hostility, and territoriality are
expressed{{U}} (2) {{/U}}acts of violence. These are all qualities that
humans{{U}} (3) {{/U}}with animals. Aggression is a kind of{{U}} (4)
{{/U}}survival mechanism, an instinct for self-preservation that{{U}}
(5) {{/U}}animals to defend themselves from threats to their
existence. But, on the other hand, human violent{{U}} (6) {{/U}}evidence
of being a learned behavior. In the case of human aggression violence can not
be {{U}} (7) {{/U}}reduced to an instinct. The many expressions of human violence are always conditioned by social conventions that give{{U}} (8) {{/U}}to aggressive behavior. In human societies violence has a social{{U}} (9) {{/U}}: It is a strategy for{{U}} (10) {{/U}}the powers of violence. We will look at the ritual and ethical patterns within which human violence has been{{U}} (11) {{/U}}. The violence within society is controlled through{{U}} (12) {{/U}}of law. The more developed a{{U}} (13) {{/U}}system becomes, the more society takes responsibility for the discovery, control, and punishment of violence acts. In most tribal societies the only{{U}} (14) {{/U}}to deal with an act of violence is revenge. Each family group may have the responsibility of personally carrying out judgment and punishment{{U}} (15) {{/U}}the person who committed the offense. But in legal systems, the responsibility for revenge becomes depersonalized and{{U}} (16) {{/U}}.The society assumes the responsibility for{{U}} (17) {{/U}}individuals from violence. In cases where they cannot be protected, the society is responsible for{{U}} (18) {{/U}}punishment. In a state controlled legal system, individuals are removed from the cycle of revenge{{U}} (19) {{/U}}by acts of violence, and the state assumes responsibility of their protection. The other side of a state legal apparatus is a state military apparatus.{{U}} (20) {{/U}}the one protects the individual form violence, the other sacrifices the individual to violence in the interests of the state. |