【正确答案】正确答案：Slip of the tongue means the initial letter or letters of two words are transposed.(2 points) At a theoretical level, a promising start has been made by Garrett. He argues that producing speech is a much more complex matter than it might appear to be from our everyday experience. According to his model, there are altogether five different levels of representation involved in speaking a sentence, and they occur in the following sequence;(3 points) (1)The message-level representation; It is an abstract, pre-linguistic representation of the idea or ideas that the speaker wants to communicate. (2)The functional-level representation; It is an outline of the proposed utterance having grammatical structure; in other words, the slots for nouns, adjectives and so on, are allocated, but there are no actual words to fill the slots. (3)The positional-level representation; It differs from the functional level representation in that it incorporates the words of the sentence that is to be produced. (4)The phonetic-level representation; Of the necessary information about the ways the intended sentence are pronounced. (5)The articulatory-level representation; It is the final representation, and contains a set of instructions for articulating the words in a sentence in the correct order.(5 points) This complex theory of speech production has not yet been tested thoroughly. However, there are supporters for some of its major assumptions. In essence, Garrett claims that the speaker engages in a reasonable elaborate planning before begin to speak. One way of testing this notion is to consider the sorts of error that people make while talking. For example, if sounds or words from the end of a sentence intrude into the early part of a sentence, then it provides an evidence for the notion of forward planning, and the SPOONERISM(SLIP OF THE TONGUE)belongs to this type of error.(3 points)

【答案解析】解析：考查口误现象。这个概念指的是两个单词的前一个或前几个字母互换位置。请人们收集他们在日常言语中的口误对研究言语产生来说是一个比较有效的方法，Garrett对此展开了研究，他宣称，说话者在说话之前会在合理范围内对要说的话进行计划。有些错误印证了他的这一观点，其中口误现象即是证据之一。它证明了人们在说出一个句子前确实有计划性。