单选题
Passage 2

Every man is a philosopher. Every man has his own philosophy of life and his special view of the universe. Moreover, his philosophy is important, more important perhaps than he himself knows. It determines his treatment of friends and enemies, his conduct when alone and in society, his attitude towards his home, his work, and his country, his religious beliefs, his ethical standards, his social adjustment and his personal happiness.
Nations, too, through the political or military party in power, have their philosophers of thought and action. Wars are waged and revolutions incited because of the clash Of ideologies, the conflict of philippics. It has always been so. World War II is but the latest and most dramatic illustration of the combustible nature of differences in social and political philosophy.
Philosophy, says Plato, begins with wonder. We wonder about the destructive fury of earthquakes, floods, storms, drought, pestilence, famine, and fire, the mysteries of birth and death, pleasure and pain, change and permanence, cruelty and kindness, instincts and ideals, mind and body, the size of the universe and man's place in it. Our questions are endless. What is man? What is Nature? What is justice? What is duty? Alone among the animals man is concerned about his origin and end, about his purposes and goals, about the meaning of life and the nature of reality. He alone distinguishes between beauty and ugliness, good and evil, the better and the worse. He may be a member of the animal kingdom, but he is also a citizen of the world of ideas and values.
Some of man's questions have had answers. Where the answer is clear, we call it science or art and move on to higher ground and a new vista of the world. Many of our questions, however, will never have final answers. Men will always discuss the nature of justice and right, the significance of evil, the art of government, the relation of mind and matter, the search for truth, the quest for happiness, the idea of God, and the meaning of reality.
The human race has reflected so long and often on these problems that the same patterns of thought recur in almost every age. We should know what these thoughts are. We should know what answers have been suggested by those who have most influenced ancient and modern thought. We shall want to do our own thinking and find our own answers. It is, however, neither necessary nor advisable to travel alone. Others have helped dispel the darkness, and the light they have kindled may also illuminate our way.

单选题 In the passage, the author says that every man is a philosopher. This is because ______.
【正确答案】 C
【答案解析】第一段第一句提到“Every man is a philosopher．Every man has his own philosophy of life and his special view of the universe”，由此可知每个人都是哲学家，每个人都有自己对生命的哲学看法和世界观。后一句是对前一句的解释，因此选A。
单选题 According to Plato, philosophy originated from ______.
【正确答案】 A
【答案解析】本题考查判断推理。第三段第一句“Philosophy，says Plato，begins with wonder.”在柏拉图看来哲学起于迷惑不解。wonder有“迷惑，诧异”的意思。通过下文举得让人思考的例子也可看出哲学起源于我们不知道的东西。故选A。
单选题 According to the author, we can trace the root of war in ______.
【正确答案】 C
【答案解析】本题考查判断推理。第二段提到“Wars are waged and revolutions incited because of the clash of ideologies，the conflict of philippics.”，由此可知战争和革命是因为意识形态的冲突和观点的不同而引起的。故选C。
单选题 In the passage, the author implies that ______.
【正确答案】 B
【答案解析】本题考查对段落的整体把握与推理。最后一段提到“人类在很早就已经思考过这些问题，并且思考了很长时间，所以我们应当了解这些思想是什么，古代及现代的人们给出的答案又是什么。然后我们进行自己的思考找到自己的答案，但是没必要自己独立寻找答案。”A，C，D虽然本身正确，不应该travel alone但还要自己进行思考，从而得出自己的观点，都只是其中一方而，只有B最全面。
单选题 What is called science or art, according to the author?
【正确答案】 A
【答案解析】由第四段第二句“Where the answer is clear，we call it science or art and move on to higher ground and a new vista of the world.”可知“答案清楚的，我们就称之为科学或艺术”。故选A。