复合题

In general, our society is becoming one of giant enterprises directed by a bureaucratic（ 官僚主 义的） management in which man becomes a small, well-oiled cog in the machinery. The oiling is done with higher wages, well-ventilated factories and piped music, and by psychologists and “human-relations” experts; yet all this oiling does not alter the fact that man has become powerless, that he does not wholeheartedly participate in his work and that he is bored with it. In fact, the blue and the white-collar workers have become economic puppets who dance to the tune of automated machines and bureaucratic management.

The worker and employee are anxious, not only because they might find themselves out of a job; they are anxious also because they are unable to acquire any real satisfaction or interest in life. They live and die without ever having confronted the fundamental realities of human existence as emotionally and intellectually independent and productive human beings.

Those higher up on the social ladder are no less anxious. Their lives are no less empty than those of their subordinates. They are even more insecure in some respects. They are in a highly competitive race. To be promoted or to fall behind is not a matter of salary but even more a matter of self-respect. When they apply for their first job, they are tested for intelligence as well as for the tight mixture of submissiveness and independence. From that moment on they are tested again and again by the psychologists, for whom testing is a big business, and by their superiors, who judge their behavior, sociability, capacity to get along, etc. This constant need to prove that one is as good as or better than one’s fellow-competitor creates constant anxiety and stress, the very causes of unhappiness and illness.

Am I suggesting that we should return to the preindustrial mode of production or to nineteenth- century “free enterprise capitalism”? Certainly not. Problems are never solved by returning to a stage which one has already outgrown. I suggest transforming our social from a bureaucratically managed industrialism in which maximal production and consumption are ends in themselves into a humanist industrialism in which man and full development of his potentialities—those of and of reason—are the aims of all social arrangements. Production and consumption should serve only as means to this end, and should be prevented from ruling man.

单选题 By “a well-oiled cog in the machinery” the author intends to render the idea that man is_____.
【正确答案】 C
【答案解析】文章第一段第一句提到“…giant enterprises directed by a bureaucratic management in which man becomes a small, well-oiled cog in the machinery.”。 由此可知， 作者认为， 我们的社会变成了一个官僚化管理的大型企业， 其中的所有人都成了这台机器中润滑良好的小齿轮，因此这些人工作效率高， 但是却渺小不重要。
单选题 The real cause of the anxiety of the workers and employees is that _____.
【正确答案】 D
【答案解析】文章第二段第二句提到“…confronted the fundamental realities of human existence as emotionally and intellectually independent and productive human beings.”。 由此可知， 他们平淡地活着、 死去， 没能像情感和智力上很独立并富有成果的人们那样体验到人类存在的基本现实， 可知， 他们被工业化剥夺了个性和独立性。
单选题 From the passage we can infer that real happiness of life belongs to those _____.
【正确答案】 D
【答案解析】通过通读全文可知， 在这个充满竞争的工业化世界， 无论是工人还是上层领导无不被剥夺了个性和独立性， 因此可推测， 只有那些远离竞争世界的人， 才会实现真正的快乐， 故选D项。
单选题 The author’s attitude towards industrialism might best be summarized as one of _____.
【正确答案】 B
【答案解析】文章第一段第一句提到“In general, our society is becoming one of giant enterprises directed by a bureaucratic management in which man becomes a small, well-oiled cog in the machinery.”。 由此可知， 作者认为， 我们的社会变成了一个官僚化管理的大型企业， 其中的所有人都成了这台机器中润滑良好的小齿轮。 因此作者对工业化是不满意的。
单选题 To solve the present social problems the author suggests that we should _____.
【正确答案】 C
【答案解析】文章最后一段提到“…into a humanist industrialism in which man and full development of his potentialities — those of and of reason—are the aims of all social arrangements.”由此可知， 作者建议把我们这个由官僚管理的社会制度转变为注重人性的工业社会， 使每个人的潜能都能发挥到最大， 故选C项。