填空题 Translate the following into Chinese.(中国人民大学2006研,考试科目:专业英语)Suppose that John Smith, happily married to Mary Smith, addresses his wife as " Mary Smith, how many times have I asked you not to flip through the TV channels?" There would be reason to look beyond the words for the "meaning"of this unusual form of address. Mr. Smith may address his wife as "Mary Smith" to show his exasperation, as in this example. By addressing her as "Mary Smith" instead of the usual "Mary" , he conveys frustration and annoyance. His choice of name thus "means" that he is exasperated. Contrast the tone of that sentence with a similar one in which John Smith addressed Mary Smith as "dear".The level of meaning that conveys the language user"s feelings, including his attitude or evaluation in shaping his use of language is called affective meaning or emotive meaning. It is largely a parasitic category in the sense that to express our emotions we depend on the mediation of other categories of meaning as conceptual, connotative or social. For example, nigger, originally a word denoting a certain race, has virtually become a term of abuse or contempt: and a similar development has occurred with part of the political vocabulary, such as fascist.
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【正确答案】 1、正确答案: 假设约翰?史密斯与玛丽?史密斯的婚姻一直美满幸福,他对妻子说:“玛丽?史密斯,我跟你说过多少次了?不要随意转换电视频道!”因为这个不寻常的称呼,我们有理由来看看它背后潜藏的含义。在这个例子中,史密斯先生把他的妻子称作“玛丽?史密斯”可能是为了表达他的愤怒。用“玛丽?史密斯”的称呼来代替他通常叫的“玛丽”来表达他的沮丧和烦恼。所以,使用这个称呼意味着他被激怒了。对比一下,同样的一句话中,如果约翰?史密斯称呼玛丽?史密斯为“亲爱的”,那意义就大不相同了。 语义层的不同传达了语言使用者的感受程度,包括他的态度或评价,这在语用中可称为感情意义或情感意义。在很大程度上,这是一种寄生范畴,即一定意义上,通过其他意义范畴,如概念的、隐含的或社会的意义,我们的情感意义可以得到体现。例如:黑鬼(nigger),最初只是特指一个种族,现在实际上却演变成辱骂和蔑视性的词语。部分政治词汇上也出现了类似的演变,如法西斯主义(fascist)。    
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