单选题
Avalanche (雪崩) and Its Safety

An avalanche is a sudden and rapid flow of snow, often mixed with air and water, down a mountainside. Avalanches are (51) the biggest dangers in the mountains for both life and property.
All avalanches are caused by an overburden of material, typically snowpack (积雪场), that is too massive and unstable for the slope (52) supports it. Determining the critical load, the amount of over-burden which is (53) to cause an avalanche, (54) a complex task involving the evaluation of a number of factors.
Terrain slopes flatter than 25 degrees or steeper than 60 degrees typically have a low (55) of avalanche. Snow does not (56) significantly on steep slopes; also, snow does not (57) easily on fiat slopes. Human-triggered (激发) avalanches have the greatest incidence (发生率) when the snow's angle of rest is (58) 35 and 45 degrees; the critical angle, the angle at which the human incidence of avalanches is greatest, is 38 degrees. The rule of thumb (经验法则) is: A slope that is (59) enough to hold snow but steep enough to ski has the potential to generate an avalanche, regardless of the angle. Additionally, avalanche risk increases with (60) ; that is, the more a slope is disturbed by skiers, the more likely it is that an avalanche will occur.
Due to the complexity of the subject, winter travelling in the backcountry (人烟稀少的地区) is never 100% safe. Good avalanche safety is a continuous (61) , including route selection and examination to the snowpack, weather (62) , and human factors. Several well-known good habits can also (63) the risk. If local authorities issue avalanche risk reports, they should be considered and all warnings should be paid (64) to. Never follow in the tracks of others without your own evaluations; snow conditions are almost certain to have changed since they were made. Observe the terrain and note obvious avalanche paths where plants are (65) or damaged. Avoid traveling below others who might trigger an avalanche.

【正确答案】 A
【答案解析】这里考查的是介词。从上下文语境看,雪崩是山上可能发生的最大危险之一,因此应该选择among(在……之中)。
【正确答案】 B
【答案解析】这里考查的是定语从句。根据定语从句引导词的选用原则,确定答案为that。
【正确答案】 B
【答案解析】从上下文语境来看,过度的雪积压导致雪崩。显然是可能而不是必定导致雪崩。所以,B是最佳答案。
【正确答案】 C
【答案解析】这里考查的是主谓一致。该句的主语是determining the critical load,从上下文来看应该使用一般现在时,所以C是正确答案。
【正确答案】 C
【答案解析】从上下文语境来看,坡度小于25度或者大于60度有较低的发生雪崩的______。weight(重量)、form(形式)、risk(风险)、work(工作)分别代入,只有a low risk of avalanche符合上下文的意思。后面的句子解释了a low risk of avalanche的道理,证实了应选risk。
【正确答案】 D
【答案解析】从上下文语境来看,在坡度大的坡上,雪不会大量______。gather(聚集)符合语境,因为在坡度大的坡上雪不聚集才不会发生雪崩。
【正确答案】 B
【答案解析】语境同上,在较为平坦的坡面,雪不会轻易______。roll(滑动)符合语境,因为在较为平坦的坡面上雪不会轻易滑动,所以发生雪崩的危险比较低。
【正确答案】 B
【答案解析】从上下文语境来看,坡度在35~45度之间,最可能发生人为触发的雪崩。between意为“在……之间”。
【正确答案】 C
【答案解析】这个句子说明的是什么样的山坡最易发生雪崩,即,A slope that is flat enough to hold snow but steep enough to ski. flat在此做“平坦”解,与后面的steep形成对比。
【正确答案】 A
【答案解析】句中的that is表明,后半部分是对前半部分的进一步说明。所以,这里的选择要根据下文的意思判断。use是最佳选择。整个句子的意思是:山坡被滑雪者使用得越多,雪崩就越可能发生。
【正确答案】 D
【答案解析】尽管选项A、B和D都能和continuous搭配,从全段的内容判断,只有process是最佳选择,因为该段描写的是如何防备雪崩及如何做好安全措施等一系列问题。
【正确答案】 A
【答案解析】从上下文来看,这里谈论的如何防各雪崩,包括路线的选择,对积雪的选择,天气______和人为因素。选项A、B、C都可以与weather搭配,但是根据上下文,只有 weather condition(天气状况)最符合语境。
【正确答案】 B
【答案解析】从上下文语境来看,这里还是谈论如何防备雪崩,所以选项A不符合句子的意思;C不能和risk搭配;D也不符合句子的意思,因为不可能完全消除雪崩的隐患。
【正确答案】 C
【答案解析】该句主句使用的是被动语态。第二个动词是pay attention to的被动形式。选项A、B、D均不符合句子的意思。
【正确答案】 A
【答案解析】从上下文语境来看,该句是作者给出的一系列忠告之一,包括认真观察地形、注意明显的雪崩路径。这里的or是解题线索,表示or前后的词在意思上接近,所以选择missing(缺少的)。