问答题
{{U}} {{U}} 1 {{/U}} {{/U}}{{U}}Man's
preoccupation with time derives ultimately from his unique relationship to it.
All animals are changed by it, But only human can manipulate it.{{/U}} Like
Proust, the French author whose experiences became his literary capital, man can
remember the past. He can also summon up things to come, displaying imagination
and foresight along with his memory. {{U}} {{U}} 2 {{/U}}
{{/U}}{{U}}It can be argued that memory and foresightedness are the essence of
intelligence; that man's ability to manipulate time, to employ both past
and future as guides to present actions, is what makes him human.{{/U}} To be
sure, many animals can react to time after a fashion. A rat can learn to press a
lever that will, after delay of some 25 seconds, reward it with a bit of food.
{{U}} {{U}} 3 {{/U}} {{/U}}{{U}}But if the delay stretches beyond
30 seconds, the animal is at a loss. It can no longer associate reward so far in
the future with present action.{{/U}} Monkeys, more intelligent than rats,
are better able to deal with time. If one of them is allowed to see food being
hidden under one of two cups, it can choose the right cup even after 90 seconds
has passed. {{U}} {{U}} 4 {{/U}} {{/U}}{{U}}But after that time
interval, the monkey's hunt for the food is no better than chances
predicts.{{/U}} With the apes, man's nearest cousins, "time
sense" takes a bit step forward. Even under the laboratory conditions, quite
different from those they encounter in the wild, apes sometimes show excellent
abilities to manipulate the present to obtian a future goal. Let's take a
chimpanzees(黑猩猩) for example. {{U}} {{U}} 5 {{/U}}
{{/U}}{{U}}They can learn to stack four boxes, one atop the other, as a platform
from which it can reach ahanging banana. They also carry their ability to cope
with the present action by means of tools like human being.{{/U}} And it is by the
making of tools — physical tools as crude as a stone chopper, mental tools are
subtle as a mathematical question — that man characteristically prepares for
future contingencies. Chimpanzees in the wild have been seen to
strip a twig of its leaves to make a probe for extracting termites from their
holes. Significantly, however, the ape does not make this tool before setting
out on a termite hunt, but only when it actually sees the insects or their nest.
Here, as with the banana and the crates, the ape can only deal with a future
that is immediate and visible — and thus halfway into the present.
【答案解析】[解析] foresightedness“预见”；essence“本质”；present action当前的行动。that man's ability...to present acdons做is的主语，是一个长主语从句。what makes him human只所以是人类。本句主语太长，如果直译就会出现头重脚轻，因此可以主宾倒置。
【正确答案】但是如果超出30秒，这种动物就会不知所措。它无法将当前的行为与未来的奖赏联想到一起。
【答案解析】[解析] stretch“超出”；at a loss“迷悯、不知所措”；no longer“不再”；reward“奖赏”；associate...with“和…联在一起”。
【正确答案】但是过了这段时间间隔，猴子就只能靠机会找到食物了。
【答案解析】[解析] time interval“时间、间隔”；chances predicts“机会预测的”，这里指只能靠机会。