阅读理解 This year has turned out to be a surprisingly good one for the world economy. Global output has probably risen by close to 5%, well above its trend rate and a lot faster than forecasters were expecting 12 months ago. Most of the dangers that frightened financial markets during the year have failed to materialize. China's economy has not suffered a hard landing. America's mid-year slowdown did not become a double-dip recession. Granted, the troubles of the euro area's peripheral economies have proved all too real. Yet the euro zone as a whole has grown at a decent rate for an ageing continent, thanks to oomph from Germany, the fastest-growing big rich economy in 2010.
The question now is whether 2011 will follow the same pattern. Many people seem to think so. Consumer and business confidence is rising in most parts of the world; global manufacturing is accelerating; and financial markets are buoyant. The MSCI index of global share prices has climbed by 20% since early July. Investors today are shrugging off news far more ominous than that which rattled them earlier this year, from the soaring debt yields in the euro zone's periphery to news of rising inflation in China.
Earlier this year investors were too pessimistic. Now their breezy confidence seems misplaced. To oversimplify a little, the performance of the world economy in 2011 depends on what happens in three places: the big emerging markets, the euro area and America. These big three are heading in very different directions, with very different growth prospects and contradictory policy choices. Some of this divergence is inevitable: even to the casual observer, India's economy has always been rather different from America's. But new splits are opening up, especially in the rich world, and with them come ever more chances for friction.
Begin with the big emerging markets, by far the biggest contributors to global growth this year. Where it can, foreign capital is pouring in. Isolated worries about asset bubbles have been replaced by a fear of broader overheating. With Brazilian shops packed with shoppers, inflation there has surged above 5% and imports in November were 44% higher than the previous year.
Cheap money is often the problem. Though the slump of 2009 is a distant memory, monetary conditions are still extraordinarily loose, thanks, in many places, to efforts to hold down currencies. This combination is unsustainable. To stop prices accelerating, most emerging economies will need tighter policies next year. If they do too much, their growth could slow sharply. If they do too little, they invite higher inflation and a bigger tightening later. Either way, the chances of a macroeconomic shock coming from the emerging world are rising steeply.

单选题 What is the economic situation of the euro zone in 2010? ______

【正确答案】 D

【答案解析】根据题干中的关键词the euro zone和2010可定位到第一段。细节理解题。第一段最后一句指出，欧元区的整体经济增速对于一个正在老化的大陆而言已算不错了(at a decent rate)，decent在此处表示“不错的”，对比各选项可知，只有选项D表达了此意，因此为正确答案。选项A是根据第一段第一句设置的干扰项，此句说明了2010年世界经济的形势可以用“好得出乎意料”来形容，但是具体到欧元区的经济形势并非如此，所以排除选项A。选项B是根据该段第六句设置的干扰项，此句说明了欧元区的一些外围经济体遇到了一些真正的问题，但这并不能代表整个欧元区的经济形势，所以此选项错误。选项C是本题最大的干扰项，该项是根据本段最后一句的后半句“thanks to oomph from Germany, the fastest-growing big rich economy in 2010(颇具活力的德国是2010年主要发达经济体中增长速度最快的)”而设置的干扰项，但题干是问“整个欧元区的经济形势是怎样的”，并不是单问德国的经济形势，故选项C也应排除。

单选题 It can be inferred from the second paragraph that ______.

【正确答案】 A

【答案解析】题干已经明确指示本题是对文章第二段的考查。推理判断题。第二段最后一句指出“Investors today are shrugging off news far more ominous than that which rattled them earlier this year(今年早些时候的一些消息让投资者们感到了恐慌，而现在更多的利空消息却使他们不为所动)”，对比各选项可知，只有选项A表达了此意，因此为正确答案。关于金融市场的叙述出现在该段第三句的末尾，文中指出financial markets are buoyant，其中buoyant表示(价格、商业活动等)看涨的、保持高价的、繁荣的，选项B中的be in downtrend表示处于下跌走势，与原文刚好相反，故该选项错误。关于2011年世界经济形势的叙述出现在该段第一句和第二句，文中指出“The question now is whether 2011 will follow the same pattern. Many people seem to think so(现在的问题是，2011年是否将延续这一模式。许多人似乎都这么认为)”，通过这两句，我们并不能推测出2011年的世界经济就会很好，所以选项C属于过度推断，应排除。选项D是最大的干扰项，它与选项A出现在同一句话里，原文的意思是无论是欧元区外围国家不断飙升的国债，还是中国通胀加剧的消息，都不会使投资者为之所动。而选项D是说投资者对于欧元区不断飙升的国债漠不关心。其中“漠不关心(are different”和原文中的“不为所动(are shrugging off)”的意思并不相同，因此该选项错误。

单选题 By saying 'now their breezy confidence seems misplaced', the author means that ______.

【正确答案】 B

【答案解析】根据题干中的关键词now their breezy confidence seems misplaced可定位到第三段。推理判断题。该段第二句的意思是“现在他们满怀的信心却似乎不合时宜”。这句话是作者对于投资者当前状态的评论。通过第二段的描述，我们知道当前投资者的信心在上升，任何利空的消息也使他们不为所动。然而作者却不这样认为，在第三段中，作者指出“But new splits are opening up, especially in the rich world, and with them come ever more chances for friction(但是，新的分裂正在产生，尤其是在发达国家之间，随之而来的是发生更多摩擦的可能)”，因此可以推断作者认为投资者当前过于乐观了。对比各选项可知，选项B表达了此意，因此为正确答案。选项A中的active表示“积极的”，选项C中的relaxed表示“放松的”，选项D中的pessimistic表示“悲观的”，三者都没有正确地表达出当前投资者的状态，故均应排除。

单选题 According to Para. 4 and Para. 5, which of the following is true of the emerging markets? ______

【正确答案】 C

【答案解析】题干已经明确指示本题是对文章第四段和第五段的考查。细节理解题。关于物价上涨的叙述出现在第五段第四句，该句的意思是“为了阻止物价加速上涨，大多数新兴经济体明年将需要采取紧缩的货币政策。”选项C中的rising是原文accelerating的同义替换，与原文意思相符，因此为正确答案。选项A中关于asset bubbles和broader overheating的叙述出现在文中第四段第三句，原文中该句的意思是“个别出现的对资产泡沫的担忧情绪已经被对更大范围市场过热现象的恐惧所取代”，原文中isolated所表达的意思和选项中的many people刚好相反，因此该选项错误。关于选项B中loose monetary conditions的叙述出现在文中第五段的第二句，该句的意思是“现在的货币环境却依然极度宽松，在许多地方，这都要归功于阻止货币升值的努力”。也就是说，因为某些国家努力阻止货币升值，才导致现在的货币环境极度宽松。而选项B表达的意思是宽松的货币环境有利于阻止货币升值，与原文的逻辑不符，故应排除。选项D与第五段倒数第三句“If they do too much, their growth could slow sharply(如果他们收缩过了头，经济增速就会迅速放缓)”的意思刚好相反，故也应排除。

单选题 Which of the following best states the central idea of the text? ______

【正确答案】 D

【答案解析】全文主旨题。本题考查考生对文章主旨大意的把握。通读全文并总结各段落大意后可知：文章第一段对2010年的世界经济进行了总体的回顾。紧接着第二段以具体的实例对本年度的经济形势加以分析。第三段作者给出了自己对2011年世界经济趋势的看法。第四段和第五段重点分析新兴市场国家对于世界经济的贡献，以及新兴市场国家经济领域的一些问题。综合以上分析我们可知，全文主要是对2010年世界经济的总结及对2011年世界经济走势的预测，作者认为美国、欧元区和新兴市场国家正朝着不同的方向前进。更加分裂的世界经济很可能会使2011年成为充满破坏性冲击力的一年。因此选项D为正确答案。作者在文中对2011年世界经济的走势进行了预测，并没有提到其具体的表现，因此选项A错误；选项B是最大的干扰项，虽然文章第四段和第五段都是讨论新兴市场国家的经济表现，但这只是文章的一部分，并不是全文主旨；选项C“2011年将要应对的经济问题”也只是文章所讨论的部分内容，不是全文主旨，故也应排除。