The French share Americans" distaste for restrictions on patient choice and they insist on autonomous private practitioners rather than a British-style national health service, which the French dismiss as " socialized medicine. " Virtually all physicians in French participate in the nation" s public health insurance, Security sociale. Their freedoms of diagnosis and therapy are protected in ways that would make their managed-care-controlled US counterparts envious. However, the average American physician earns more than five times the average US wage while the average French physician makes only about two times the average earnings of his or her compatriots. But the lower income of French physicians is allayed by two factors. Practice liability is greatly diminished by a tort-averse legal system, and medical schools, although extremely competitive to enter, are tuition-free. Thus, French physicians enter their careers with little if any debt and pay much lower malpractice insurance premiums. Nor do France " s doctors face the high nonmedical personnel payroll expenses that burden American physicians. Security sociale has created a standardized and speedy system for physician billing and patient reimbursement using electronic funds. It" s not uncommon to visit a French medical office and see no nonmedical personnel. What a concept. No back office army of billing specialists who do daily battle with insurers" arcane and constantly changing rules of payment. National health insurance in France stands upon two grand historical bargains-the first with doctors and a second with insurers. Doctors only agreed to participate in compulsory health insurance if the law protected a patient" s choice of practitioner and guaranteed physicians" control over medical decision-making. French legislators also overcome insurance industry resistance by permitting the nation" s already existing insurers to administer its new healthcare funds. Private health insurers are also central to the system as supplemental insurers who cover patient expenses that are not paid for by Securite sociale. In fact, in France the sicker you are, the more coverage, care, and treatment you get. Like all healthcare systems, the French confront ongoing problems. Today French reformers" number one priority is to move health insurance financing away from payroll and wage levies because they hamper employers" willingness to hire. Instead, France is turning toward broad taxes on earned and unearned income alike to pay for healthcare.