【正确答案】正确答案：This fundamental distinction is discussed by Chomsky in his Aspects of the Theory of Syntax. A language user"s underlying knowledge about the system of rules is called competence. While performance refers to the actual use of language in concrete situations.(3 points) Competence enables a speaker to produce and understand an indefinite number of sentences and to recognize grammatical mistakes and ambiguities. A speaker"s competence is stable, but his performance is often influenced by psychological and social factors, such as pressure, distress, anxiety, or embarrassment. Slips of the tongue, false starts, unnecessary pauses, among other things, all belong to the imperfection of performance. A person may make grammatical mistakes in speech, but that does not mean that he does not know the rules. If he is given an ungrammatical sentence, he can recognize it as ungrammatical. The point is that a speaker"s performance does not always match his competence.(4 points) Chomsky thinks that what linguists should study is the ideal speaker"s competence, because the speaker"s performance is too haphazard to be studied. The task of the linguists is to discover and specify the speaker"s internalized rules.(3 points)

【答案解析】解析：考查语言能力和语言运用的区别。语言能力指理想的语言使用者的抽象语言知识，也就是他对该语言的语音结构、词素和语法规则的知识。语言运用指理想的语言使用者的语言知识在实际的语言交际中的运用。它指言语行为的本身。语言能力使人能明白对方的话语，并按一定的规则表达。语言能力是相对稳定的，而语言运用往往受制于心理和社会因素。因此，说话者的语言运用并非总是等同于他应具有的语言能力。