单选题
To control weather over large areas of the world
would seem, at this time, to be impossible. However, man has been highly
successful in his attempts to {{U}} {{U}} 1 {{/U}} {{/U}}the
weather {{U}} {{U}} 2 {{/U}} {{/U}}a very small scale. He has
{{U}} {{U}} 3 {{/U}} {{/U}}microclimates inside and outside
homes and offices. Micro means small, and microclimate refers
to the climate conditions {{U}} {{U}} 4 {{/U}} {{/U}}a small
area. There are many things that might cause the climate in a small area to be
different from the {{U}} {{U}} 5 {{/U}} {{/U}}climate of the
region in which it is located. {{U}} {{U}} 6
{{/U}} {{/U}}, within cities there might be smaller areas where the climate is
different. The microclimate in the yard of one home may be {{U}} {{U}}
7 {{/U}} {{/U}}different from {{U}} {{U}} 8 {{/U}}
{{/U}}in the yard across the street. It is the {{U}} {{U}} 9
{{/U}} {{/U}}of trees and their position in a yard that {{U}} {{U}}
10 {{/U}} {{/U}}the microclimate. One could probably name many other
things that {{U}} {{U}} 11 {{/U}} {{/U}}change the microclimate
of a yard. Heaters and air-conditioners now in houses and
automobiles are good examples of the methods man uses to control
microclimates. A completely air-conditioned house is one {{U}}
{{U}} 12 {{/U}} {{/U}}the microclimate can be controlled to suit
man's comfort. High-altitude flying and recent developments in
space flight {{U}} {{U}} 13 {{/U}} {{/U}}situations which
require complete control of microclimates. Before passenger planes can fly in
the air of the stratosphere (同 温层) the cabins have to be pressurized. This must
be done {{U}} {{U}} 14 {{/U}} {{/U}}passengers can obtain the
oxygen they need. {{U}} {{U}} 15 {{/U}} {{/U}}airplane cabins in
the stratosphere, air from the outside can be pumped into the cabin.
In space,{{U}} {{U}} 16 {{/U}} {{/U}}, there is no air.
Astronauts have to take their air with them. Ways have been developed by which
this air can be safely used over and over. In space, astronauts also have to be
protected {{U}} {{U}} 17 {{/U}} {{/U}}harmful radiations which
do not reach the earth {{U}} {{U}} 18 {{/U}} {{/U}}the
atmosphere screens them out. The principal problem that has to be solved
{{U}} {{U}} 19 {{/U}} {{/U}}man can exist in space is {{U}}
{{U}} 20 {{/U}} {{/U}}of providing a microclimate in which he can
survive.
单选题
A. modify
B. shift
C. switch
D. vary
【正确答案】
A
【答案解析】[解析] A)modify：“缓和，调节”，尤指在一定范围、一定限度内，做部分地改变(to make partial changes；change somewhat)。可用来指对天气的改变，对温度的减低等。如：
The closeness to the ocean modifies the temperature．靠近海洋使气温有所改善。
D)vary：变更，变化(to change；to make different)，多指断断续续地，随时间、地点、条件的不同而发生变化。如：
The weather varies from hour to hour in some mountain areas．有些山区的天气时刻在变化。
B)shift：“变换”，主要指改变地点、位置、方向(to move or change…from one place to another)o如：
He shifted his heavy suitcase from one hand to the other. 他把沉重的手提箱从一只手换到另一只手。
C)switch：“变换，变更”，与shift同义。但多用作思路、话题、方法等的改变。如：
switch methods改变方法
switch the subject改变话题
switch the sides改变立场
原文句子的大意是：人类对小规模地控制和改变气候的尝试获得了高度的成功。
单选题
A. over
B. in
C. within
D. on
【正确答案】
D
【答案解析】[解析] 本题考固定搭配“on a+形容词+scale”，如：
This kind of cars are being produced on a large scale．正在大规模生产这种汽车。
单选题
A. produced
B. developed
C. improved
D. processed
【正确答案】
B
【答案解析】[解析]
1)develop作及物动词时，有“开发，发展，培养(育)”(bring into being)之意，强调发展过程的逐渐性。如：
Scientists have developed many new drugs to fight the cancer．科学家们已研制了多种抗癌新药。
本句子用“He”(人类)作主语，具体说明前一句中“高度成功”的内容：人类已经在住宅和办公室内外造就了小气候。
2)其他三项的意义相去甚远：
A)produce词义是“生产、制造(出某种产品)”，同义词是“make”；
C)improve词义是“改善，改进”(to make better)，一定要有一个“原来的基础情况”；
D)process词义是“加工(食品等)”。
单选题
A. at
B. over
C. for
D. on
【正确答案】
B
【答案解析】[解析] 介词over与表示场所的词连用时，意为“遍及”(throughout)。如：
The students will travel over the west of the United States this summer vacation．今年暑假，学生们要遍游美国西部。
单选题
A. general
B. common
C. regular
D. specific
【正确答案】
A
【答案解析】[解析] general是形容词，意为“总的，一般性的”。
1)它前面是“climate”，后有介词短语“in a small area”作定语修饰，表示“在一个小地区的气候”；
2)它后是“climate”，在后修饰的of介词短语还带有一个定语从句，从句中的主语“it”指代“a small area”。因此，这一个“climate”指的是“该小地区所在的那个大区域的总气候”。故A)为答案。
单选题
A. In addition
B. To begin with
C. For example
D. By and large
【正确答案】
C
【答案解析】[解析] 第2段的第2句话“There are many things that…in which it is located．”类似一个结论性的主题句，以下是举例说明。故选C)项为答案。
另：其他三项虽可放在句首，但不符合文意：
A)In addition：又，加之，另外，表示“除上述……以外，还有……”；
B)To begin with：“首先，第一”，用在句首时，通常是陈述理由；
D)By and large：“大体上，一般而论”。
单选题
A. complete
B. no
C. quite
D. tolerably
【正确答案】
C
【答案解析】[解析] quite是程度副词，用在形容词前面，加强或改变该形容词的分量，表示“十分地”。如：
The film we saw yesterday was quite interesting．我们昨天看的那部电影相当有意思。
单选题
A. what
B. which
C. one
D. the one
【正确答案】
D
【答案解析】[解析] one用作代词，代替前面提到过的单数可数名词，以避免重复。句子的主语“microclimate”作“气候”解时，既可为不可数名词，也可为可数名词，故能以“one”代替。从这点意义上说，选项C)和D)均可为答案。
但是，句子的主语microclimate后面有介词短语“in the yard of…”作定语，它前面应有定冠词“the”。因此，在from后用one作替代时情况也如此。如：
The picture on the wall is the one I want to have SO much．墙上那幅画就是我非常想要的那幅。
单选题
A. amount
B. number
C. sum
D. quantity
【正确答案】
B
【答案解析】[解析] A)amount：用量计算的东西，要用amount表示“数量，总额”。如：
There's only a small amount of food．只有一点食物。
B)number：用数计算的东西，要用number表示“数，数字，数目”。如：
The number of the students in the night school is well over 1，000．夜校学生的数目大大超过了1000人。
C)sum：常用“the sum+of+名词”的结构表示“合计，总计，总数”。如：
the sum of incomes收入总计
a large Sum of money巨额的钱
D)quantity指可量度的量，注意与quality区分。
单选题
A. effect
B. influence
C. stir
D. affect
【正确答案】
D
【答案解析】[解析] 这是“It is…that…”强调句型。被强调的部分是主语。拟选项须在句中作谓语。A)项的effect作动词时，意思是“导致”。此处须选择有“影响”之意的动词B)或D)。
D)affect：对……影响，发生影响于……，强调发生作用，导致变化。如：
The amount of rain affected the growth of the rice in the area last year．去年，该地区的降雨量影响了水稻的生长。
The noise from the street often affects our work．马路上传来的噪声常常影响我们的工作。
B)influence：给予……影响，感化……；左右……。强调潜移默化地影响。如：
The events that occurred in his childhood influenced his whole life．童年时发生的事情影响着他的一生。
本句子的大意是：院子里树的多少及位置都能影响该院子里的小气候。故D)为答案。
【答案解析】[解析] present作动词时的重音在第二音节([pri'zent])，在此表示“提出(供)……"。如：
The spaceship landing on the moon presented the situation that there is no life there. 在月球上着陆的宇宙飞船提供的情况表明那里没有生命。
单选题
A. so
B. that
C. so that
D. in that
【正确答案】
C
【答案解析】[解析] so that引导目的状语从句，表示“以便……；为使……”。从句中的谓语常用can，could，may，might，should，would等加上原形动词。如：
I am saving money so that I can buy a car. 我正在攒钱，以便买一辆汽车。
说明：A)项的so和B)的that均可视为so that的省略形式。但so常用于口语之中，that常用于正式文体中，在有so that为选项的情况下，不应选用它们。
单选题
A. To pressurize
B. Being pressurized
C. To be pressurized
D. Having pressurized
【正确答案】
A
【答案解析】[解析] 不定式(短语)可在句中作状语，表示目的。
单选题
A. as a result
B. hence
C. though
D. however
【正确答案】
D
【答案解析】[解析] however是连词，意为“然而，可是，但是，不过”，表示前后意思相反。它的位置可在句首、句末或旬中，都要用逗号隔开。如：
You have not told US your opinion yet. You can，however，do it now. 你还没有告诉我们你的意见。不过，现在你可以讲了。
本句是前段意义上的转折，即：应该在高空增压，但太空中没有空气。从句子的结构和意义上看，应选D)为答案。
单选题
A. off
B. away from
C. from
D. out of
【正确答案】
C
【答案解析】[解析] “to protect sb. from sth. ”为固定搭配“遭……(的危害)”。
本句用的是被动语态形式。
【答案解析】[解析] that可代替前面出现过的可数名词和不可数名词，其后通常要跟一个修饰语。
如：
The engine of your car is better than that of mine. 你汽车上的发动机比我的要好得多。
本句的that明确指代主语problem，它后面又有修饰语“of短语”，故为答案。