结构推理
接上题,为何光谱项推导过程中一般不考虑成对电子?
【正确答案】首先,成对电子的m
S=0,不影响其它单电子的自旋。其次,成对电子的m
L虽然不为零,不过它们和其它电子的m
L相加结果等同于未加前[如表2.2中的组态(np)
2和(np)
4的m
L]。因此,成对电子相当于一对空轨道,可不考虑。
表2.2 组态(np)2和(np)4m和mL | (np)2 | m | mL | (np)4 | m | mL | 1 | 0 | -1 | 1 | 0 | -1 | ↑↓ | | | 2 | ↑↓ | ↑↓ | | 2 | ↑ | ↑ | | 1 | ↑↓ | ↑ | ↑ | 1 | ↑ | ↓ | | 1 | ↑↓ | ↑ | ↓ | 1 | ↓ | ↓ | | 1 | ↑↓ | ↓ | ↓ | 1 | ↓ | ↑ | | 1 | ↑↓ | ↓ | ↑ | 1 | | ↑↓ | | 0 | ↑↓ | | ↑↓ | 0 | ↑ | | ↑ | 0 | ↑ | ↑↓ | ↑ | 0 | ↑ | | ↓ | 0 | ↑ | ↑↓ | ↓ | 0 | ↓ | | ↓ | 0 | ↓ | ↑↓ | ↓ | 0 | ↓ | | ↑ | 0 | ↓ | ↑↓ | ↑ | 0 | | ↑ | ↑ | -1 | ↑ | ↑ | ↑↓ | -1 | | ↑ | ↓ | -1 | ↑ | ↓ | ↑↓ | -1 | | ↓ | ↓ | -1 | ↓ | ↓ | ↑↓ | -1 | | | ↓ | ↑ | -1 | ↓ | ↑ | ↑↓ | -1 | | | ↑↓ | -2 | | ↑↓ | ↑↓ | -2 | |
【答案解析】