单选题
The role of governments in environmental management is deficit but inescapable. Sometimes, the state tries to manage the resources it owns, and does so badly. Often, (1) , governments act in an even more harmful way. They actually subsidize the exploitation and (2) of natural resources. A whole (3) of policies, from farm-price support to protection for coal-mining, do environmental damage and often (4) no economic sense. Making good policies offers a two-fold (5) : a cleaner environmentpolilicians and a more efficient economy. Crowth and environmentalism can actually go hand in hand, if politicians have the courage to (6) the vested interest that subsidies create. No activity affects more of the earth's surface than farming, h shapes a third of the planet's land area, not (7) Antarctica, and the proportion is rising. World food output per head has risen by 4 percent between the 1970s and 1980s mainly as a result of increases in (8) from land already in (9) , but also because more land has been brought under the plough. Higher yields have been achieved by increased irrigation, better crop breeding, and a (10) in the use of pesticides and chemical fertilizers in the 1970s and 1980s. All these activities may have (11) environmental impacts. For example, land clearing for agrieuhure is the largest single (12) of deforestation; chemical fertilizers and pesticides may (13) water supplies; more intensive farming and the abandonment of fallow periods (14) worsen soil erosion; and the spread of monochord and use of high-yielding varieties of euros have been accompanied by the (15) of old varieties of food plants which might have provided some (16) against pests or diseases in future. Soil erosion threatens the productivity of land in both rich and poor countries. The United States, (17) the most careful measurements have been done, discovered in 1982 that about one-fifth of its farmland was losing topsoil at a rate (18) to diminish the soil's productivity. The country subsequently (19) a program to convert 11 percent of its cropped land to meadow or forest. Topsoil in India and China is (20) much faster than in America.
【答案解析】[测试点] 近义词区别 [解题思路] [A]利润，指一笔生意中除去所有的运作费用后所得到的回报；[B]好处，奖金，红包；[C]好处，利益，指促进或增强福利的东西；[D]奖品，指在竞争或在比赛小给予的或力求获得的东西。根据后面的A cleaner environment and a more emcient econolny可知，应该选[B]。
【答案解析】[测试点] 近义词区别 [解题思路] [A]理由，指提供理由或为获得谅解而做的解释；[B]正当理由，指为某事辩护的理由；[C]起因，动机，指为某种行为或结果的发生产生作用的人、事情或条件；[D]理由，指促使采取行动的根本条件。根据“land clearing for a griculture”与deforestation之间的关系推断出[C]是对的。
【正确答案】
D
【答案解析】[测试点] 词义区别 [解题思路] [A]净化；[B]简化；[C]弄脏，使不干净；[D]污染，指通过接触或混合使不纯净或不洁净。根据前面的chelrmical fertilizers and pestieides推断[D]是正确的。
【答案解析】[测试点] 形近词区别 [解题思路] [A]消失；[B]发现；[C]部署；[D]打搅，打破。根据the spread of monoculture and use of high-yielding varieties of crops(单一栽培技术的推广以及大量高产作物的引入)与“oldvarieties of food plants”之间的关系可以推断[A]是正确答案。