By 1830 the former Spanish and Portuguese colonies had become independent nations. The roughly 20 million【B1】______of these nations looked【B2】______to the future. Born in the crisis of the old regime and Iberian colonialism, many of the leaders of independence【B3】______the ideals of representative government, careers【B4】______to talent, freedom of commerce and trade, the【B5】______to private property, and a belief in the individual as the basis of society. 【B6】______there was a belief that the new nations should be sovereign and independent states, large enough to be economically viable and integrated by a【B7】______set of laws. On the issue of【B8】______of religion and the position of the Church, 【B9】______, there was less agreement【B10】______the leadership. Roman Catholicism had been the state religion and the only one【B11】______by the Spanish Crown.【B12】______most leaders sought to maintain Catholicism【B13】______the official religion of the new states, some sought to end the【B14】______of other faiths. The defense of the Church became a rallying【B15】______for the conservative forces. The ideals of the early leaders of independence were often egalitarian, valuing equality of everything. Bolivar had received aid from Haiti and had【B16】______in return to abolish slavery in the areas he liberated. By 1854 slavery had been abolished everywhere except Spain's【B17】______colonies. Early promises to end Indian tribute and taxes on people of mixed origin came much【B18】______because the new nations still needed the revenue such policies【B19】______. Egalitarian sentiments were often tempered by fears that the mass of the population was【B20】______self-rule and democracy.
【答案解析】解析:考查形容词辨析。空格处填入的形容词与to talent搭配,作career的后置定语,相当于(which are)…to talent。本句谈论独立运动领导人的治国理念,符合语境的只有C.open“公开的,开着的”。“careers open to talent”意为“职位向有才能的人开放”。related to“相关的”;close to“接近”;devoted to“奉献的,投入的”,均不符合题意。
【答案解析】解析:考查副词辨析及上下文的逻辑衔接。本空所在句子中的核心词是the new nations,与上面的语句形成对应,根据上下逻辑衔接可知,本句中提到的“新生国家独立自主,经济自立等”也属于他们“普遍持有”的观点,所以D.Generally“普遍地”正确。Presumably“大概”;Incidentally“偶然”;Obviously“显然”,均不符合题意。
单选题
【B7】
【正确答案】
B
【答案解析】解析:考查形容词辨析。根据文章语句,可知此处意思是“通过一套共同的法律将各个新独立的国家联合”。B.common“普通的”,a common set of laws意为“一套共同的法律”,符合题意,故选B。unique“唯一的”;particular“特别的,独有的”;typical“典型的”,均不符合题意。
单选题
【B8】
【正确答案】
A
【答案解析】解析:考查名词辨析。本题的关键是下面两句的内容,从下文“Roman Catholicism had been the state religion and the only one…”可知,争论的焦点主要围绕“继续将天主教作为唯一的教派”与“改变排斥其他信仰的局面”展开,因此这里谈论的主要问题应该是“宗教自由的问题”。故应选A.freedom“自由”。origin“起源”;impact“影响”;reform“改革”,均不符合题意。
【答案解析】解析:考查动词辨析。本空需要填入的过去分词作后置定语,先行词是“the only one”,指代的是“the state religion”。空格处所在从句的意思是“由西班牙王室______的唯一教派”。本段在谈论宗教自由,强调的应该是“王室允许存在的唯一教派”,所以只有A.allowed符合题意。preach“布道,宣扬”;grant“授予”;fund“为…提供资金”,均不符合题意。