填空题 The Internet originated on American soil. In 1969, the Advanced Research Projects Agency of the US Defense Department established the world's first testing packet-switched network (PSN) to connect four universities on US soil. The world saw a remarkable expansion of the scale and number of Internet users from the late 1970s to the early 1980s. In September 1989, the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) was founded with a grant from the US Department of Commence to administer the Internet terminal server. Over the past 40 years, the US has been dominating the world Internet as the core technique holder with an inherent advantage of being the cradle of the Internet.
There are 13 terminal servers in the world to keep the Internet run (1) , with a master server and nine of the 12 second (2) servers stationed in the US. In terms of technique, the network of a country will disappear from the world Internet if its domain name registry is blocked or deleted from the terminal server. This kind of conduct is not legally binded (3) with the law of any country except ICANN. In April 2004, Libya was seen (4) on the Internet for three days after the collapse of the domain name registry of the country "LY" caused by a domain administration dispute.
Concerns about the US monopoly of the domain name server (DNS) system grew among other nations as much as their reliance on the Internet for issues ranging (5) politics and the economy to defense and the general society. Years ago, there was a proposal that the Internet is (6) administered by the United Nations or under international cooperation. The European Union insisted that the World Wide Web was (7) an international resource that should be jointly managed by all nations. Some developing countries pointed to (8) that at the early stage of Internet development, developed countries seized large amounts of domain names, leaving a limited few for them, and demanded a share with the US over Internet administration. American officials opposed to (9) the suggestion.
The US Defense Strategy Review in March 2005 stated that Internet space should have the same priority with (10) continental, marine, aerial and outer space jurisdictions for the US to maintain a decisive superiority. A statement from Washington on June 30, 2005, made it clear that the US government would maintain its control on (11) the DNS indefinitely; stating that a transfer of its management to UN or international cooperative models would impede the free flow of information, leading (12) to easy manipulation of the Internet and make global supervision more difficult.
At the same time, the US Congress passed a bill by a vote of 423 to zero urged (13) a manifesto by the White House that American control over Internet is inviolable. US Rep. John Taylor Doolittle, a Republican from California, said the United States invented the Internet and described (14) as a gift to the world based on American taxpayers' money. He said he opposed any move to transfer the country's control to the UN.
The control of the Internet plays a strategical (15) role for US. Using the internet, the US can intercept information via the net, export US values and opinions, support a " Color Revolution", feed the oppositing (16) powers and rebels against anti-US governments, interfere (17) other countries' internal affairs and make proactive attacks on enemy's communication and directing networks. James-Adams, a famous military forecaster, wrote (18) his book, The Next World War, these words: "The computer is the weapon for the future war and there is no virtual front line, while (19) the traditional battle and the byte will take the bullet's role to grab control of the air."
US President Barack Obama repeatly (20) stressed the importance of the Internet during his campaign. He asked the relevant departments to assess the security of the American network, and to prepare (21) the implementation of information hegemony to continue the work of controlling the new generation of Internet Root Servers. The assessment report released by the US government on May 29, 2009, said that cyberspace threats have become one of the most serious economic and military threats facing by (22) the United States. The report emphasized that the US must show the world they were seriously responding to the challenge. Against this background, Microsoft announced the closure of MSN services for Cuba, Iran, Syria, Sudan and the DPRK. But the world opinion considers (23) as information sanction instead of meeting a challenge.