汉译英 1. 
如何减轻心理压力

    有三种摧毁压力的武器。
    走动走动:这比吃一块糖果给你带来的活力多一倍。吃点东西或喝杯咖啡也许能为你提供短暂的能量,但半小时后你会感到更紧张,精力也有所下降。而十分钟的快速行走能增加足以持续一个多小时的能量。根据对吸烟者和爱吃零食的人的研究观察,发现两组人在行走五分钟后就会获得相当多的能量,他们吸下一支烟或吃下一块糖果的时间也延长了一倍。
    寻找陪伴:也许你想躲避压力,想独自呆着,但调查表明有他人,特别是有承受类似压力的人在你身旁,你能更好地应付压力。专家的研究也表明这种支持不见得非得来自其他的人:宠物也可以充当很有意义的陪伴。
    学会一种放松技巧:如沉思,逐步放松肌肉(从头部到脚趾依次放松身体的每一部位)或自我催眠术。如果你每天做一套放松操并坚持两周,你就能让你的肌体在面对压力时得到放松,并遏制住会导致压力增加的紧张型荷尔蒙的释放。
【正确答案】
如何减轻心理压力
   How to Reduce Stress

   有三种摧毁压力的武器1
   V1: There are three weapons you can use to fight stress1.
   V2: There are three stress busters1.
   走动走动:这比吃一块糖果给你带来的活力多一倍。
   V1: The first is walking, which will give you twice the energy of a candy.
   V2: First, take a short walk. It will give you twice as much energy as a candy bar.
   吃点东西或喝杯咖啡2也许能为你提供短暂的能量,但半小时后你会感到更紧张,精力也有所下降。
   V1: A little food or a coffee2 may give your energy a boost for a short while, but in just a half hour, you will have greater tension and a reduced energy level.
   V2: A snack or a cup of coffee2 may provide a short boost of energy, but half an hour later, they result in increased tension and a drop in energy.
   3十分钟的快速行走能增加足以持续一个多小时的能量。
   V1: However3, a brisk walk for ten minutes can maintain a higher level of energy for more than one hour.
   V2: A ten-minute brisk walk, on the other hand3,  increases energy for an hour or more.
   根据对吸烟者和爱吃零食的人的研究观察,发现两组人在行走五分钟后就会获得相当多的能量,他们吸下一支烟或吃下一块糖果的时间也延长了一倍4
   V1: A study of smokers and snackers found that the two groups gained more energy after a five-minute walk, and the time for them to need the next cigarette or candy became twice as long4.
   V2: According to the study of smokers and snackers, it is found that both groups had significantly more energy after just a five-minute walk, and took twice as long before smoking their next cigarette or eating a snack4.
   寻找陪伴3:也许你想躲避压力,想独自呆着,但调查表明有他人,特别是有承受类似压力的人在你身旁,你能更好地应付6压力。
   V1: Second, find company5. Maybe you want to hide somewhere to avoid psychological pressure, but research indicates that one can better deal with6 pressure in the company of others, especially those experiencing similar pressures.
   V2: Second, seek out the company of others5. While you might want to hole up and be alone, research shows that people cope better with6 stress in the presence of others, especially others undergoing similar stress.
   专家的研究也表明这种支持不见得非得来自其他的人7宠物也可以充当很有意义的陪伴。
   V1: Findings by experts also suggest that this kind of psychological support does not come only from human companions7a pet can also provide meaningful company.
   V2: Experts' studies have shown that support doesn't even have to come from other people:7 Pets can be a meaningful source of companionship as well.
   学会8一种放松技巧:如沉思,逐步放松肌肉(从头部到脚趾依次放松身体的每一部位)或自我催眠术。
   V1: Third, learn8 a technique for relaxing. Examples include meditation, gradual relaxation of the muscles in each part of the body from head to foot, and self-hypnosis.
   V2: Third, teach yourself8 a relaxation technique such as meditation, progressive muscle relaxation (releasing each part of the body from your head to your toes) or self-hypnosis.
   如果你每天做一套放松操并坚持两周,你就能让你的肌体在面对压力时得到放松,并遏制住会导致压力增加的9紧张型荷尔蒙的释放。
   V1: If you practice a relaxation exercise every day for two weeks, you can relax your body in times of stress, and block the release of tension-increasing9 "stress hormones".
   V2: If you practice a relaxation technique each day for two weeks, you can teach your body to relax in response to stress, circumventing the release of stress hormones that increase tension9.
【答案解析】 1.平时注意扩大词汇量,翻译时选用含有两层语义的单词,有助于简化译文。以上译文2中的buster(a thing that break up something)包含了“摧毁”和“武器”两层意思,比译文1的weapons...to fight...更加简洁,
   2. a cup of coffee可简化成a coffee,指一份咖啡。
   3.中国学生通常将However置于句首,其实在英语中也可插入在句中,例如译文1可改为A brisk walk for ten minutes,however,can maintain...。译文2也使用了插入结构:A ten-minute brisk walk, on the other hand, increases....
   4.对于“他们吸下一支烟或吃下一块糖果的时间也延长了一倍”,译文1、2都提供了直译。有部分学生喜欢过度意译,在考试中阅卷人未必能一下看清,容易扣分。假如意译成and their craving for candy or a cigarette was reduced by half,阅卷人需看很长时间才能发现其语义是基本正确的,但阅卷时未必有这么多的思考时间。
   5.译文1的company是抽象名词,没有定指,所以没有添加the,译文2的company后面被of others所修饰,所以添加了定冠词the。如果将others提前,成为others' company,前面不需要添加the,因为others没有定指。关于冠词的用法,不太容易掌握,需要在英语阅读的过程中经常注意观察、思考。
   6.中国学生在翻译“能更好地应付”时,往往能译成can better deal with,这是正确的;但译文2有两点值得注意:(1) can可被省略。(2)中国学生常将cope with,deal with看成一个固定词组,所以将修饰副词放在这些词组的外部,如译文1的better deal with;其实英美人士常将副词插入在这些词组之中,如译文2的cope better with。
   7.汉语中很少用破折号,而英语中使用较多。据此,原汉语中的冒号,可译成英语的冒号,也可改成英语中的破折号。
   8.“学习”通常是译成learn,但也可换一种思维,译成teach yourself。“自学英语”可以是learn English by yourself/on our own,也可以是teach yourself English。
   9.语法结构的层次越少越容易被读懂。译文2的the release of stress hormones that increase tension,由于含有of和that引导的从句这两层结构略显复杂。译文1的the release of tension-increasing“stress hormones”取消后置的从句结构,更容易被读者一下看懂。