单选题 {{B}}第三篇{{/B}}

{{B}}Technology Transfer in Germany{{/B}}
When it comes to translating basic research into industrial success, few nations can match Germany. Since the 1940s, the nation's vast industrial base has been fed with a constant stream of new ideas and expertise from science. And though German prosperity (繁荣) has faltered (衰退) over the past decade because of the huge cost of unifying east and west as well as the global economic decline, it still has an enviable (令人羡慕) record for mining ideas into profit.
Much of the reason for that success is the Fraunhofer Society, a network of research institutes that exists solely to solve industrial problems and create sought-after technologies. But today the Fraunhofer institutes have competition. Universities are taking an ever larger role in technology transfer, and technology parks are springing up all over. These efforts are being complemented by the federal programs for pumping money into start-up companies.
Such a strategy may sound like a recipe for economic success, but it is not without its critics. These people worry that favoring applied research will mean neglecting basic science, eventually starving industry of flesh ideas. If every scientist starts thinking like an entrepreneur (企业家), the argument goes, then the traditional principles of university research being curiosity-driven: free and widely available will suffer. Others claim that many of the programs to promote technology transfer are a waste of money because half the small businesses that are promoted are bound to go bankrupt within a few years.
While this debate continues, new ideas flow at a steady rate from Germany's research networks, which bear famous names such as Helmholtz, Max Planck and Leibniz. Yet it is the fourth network, the Fraunhofer Society, that plays the greatest role in technology transfer.
Founded in 1949, the Fraunhofer Society is now Europe's largest organization for applied technology, and has 59 institutes employing 12,000 people. It continues to grow. Last year it swallowed up the Heinrich Hertz Institute for Communication Technology in Bedim Today, there are even Fraunhofers in the US and Asia.

单选题 What factor can be attributed to German prosperity?

【正确答案】 A

【答案解析】[解析] 问题问“哪些因素造成了德国的繁荣”，发现A直接呼应文章中心，判断很可能是答案；注意文章中提到“德国出现繁荣原因”的句子，这样发现答案相关句：And though German prosperity(繁荣)has faltered(衰退)over the past decade because of the huge cost of unifying east and west as well as the global economic decline，it still has an enviable(令人羡慕的)record for turning ideas into profit．该句在内容上直接回答了问题(it 指带前句中的德国)：“由于把研究结果转换成利润，德国至今仍然有着令人羡慕的成绩”，所以答案是A。

单选题 Which of the following is NOT true of traditional university research?

单选题 The Frannhofer Society is the largest organization for applied technology in______.

【正确答案】 C

【答案解析】[解析] 题干中出现了特征短语Fraunhofer Society，直接利用该短语作为答案线索，这样找到答案相关句：While this debate continues，new ideas flow at a steady rate from Germany's research networks， which bear famous names such as Helmholtz，Max Planck and Leibniz．Yet it is the fourth network，the Fraunhofer Society，that plays the greatest role in technology transfer．Founded in 1949, the Fraunhofer Society is now Europe's largest organization for applied technology, and has 59 institutes employing 12,000 people．该划线句直接提供了与问题相关的信息“Fraunhofer协会是欧洲最大的从事应用技术研究的组织”，因此C足答案。

单选题 When was the Fraunhofer Society founded?

单选题 The word "expertise" in line 3 could be best replaced by______.

【正确答案】 D

【答案解析】[解析] 首先找到该词在文章中的位置：When it comes to translating basic research into industrial SUCCESS，few nations can match Germany．Since the 1940s, the nation's vast industrial base has been fed with a constant stream of new ideas and expertise from science．利用该词的搭配结构含义“来自科学的新的想法和……”，对比备选项，首先排除A和C(近义词)，在剩下的备选项中判断D合适。