Various innovations have been
introduced as ways to break off our system which forces students through a
series of identical classrooms in which teachers do most of the talking and
students have little opportunity to respond. Among these innovations are team
teaching and teacher aides, non-graded elementary and secondary schools,
independent study, curricula focused on helping students discover things for
themselves rather than on trying to tell them everything, and schools designed
for maximum flexibility so that students can work alone, or in small groups, or
take part in large group instruction via diverse media. The aim of all these
innovations is to adapt instruction more precisely to the needs of each
individual student. Many people who have a strong dislike to organizing
instruction scientifically and to bringing new technology into the schools and
colleges fail to realize that the present system is in many respects mechanical
and rigid. The vast differences in the ways students learn are disregarded when
they are taught the same thing, in the same way, at the same time. There is no
escaping the evidence that many students themselves feel little enthusiasm and
even outright hostility for the present way schools and collages are organized
and instruction is handled. Many of them resent technology, but what they object
to is usually technology used as a means for handling a large number of
students. Or it is programming which merely reproduces conventional classroom
responds and learns, reaching new plateaus from which to climb to higher levels
of understanding. Technological media can store information until it is needed
or wanted. They can distribute it over distances to reach the student where he
happens to be. They can present the information to the student through various
senses. They can give the student the opportunity to react to the material in
many ways. In short, the student's opportunities for learning can be increased
and enhanced by using a wide range of instructional technology. All the
available resources for instruction, including the teacher, can work together to
create conditions for maximum effective
learning.
单选题
The author is mainly concerned with ______.
【正确答案】
D
【答案解析】文章首先提到various innovations已经打破了原有的教育模式，随后指出这些 innovations的目的在于adapt instruction more precisely to the needs of each individual student，也就是说作者关注的是如何针对不同的学生进行有效的教育。故选项D正确。
单选题
It can be inferred from the article that a good educational system must ______.
【正确答案】
B
【答案解析】文章提到the present system is in many respects mechanical and rigid，同时指出学生学习的方式存在vast differences，因此作者认为a good educational system应该是all the available resources．．．maximum effective learning，也就是选项B的意思 (采用不同的方法进行教育)。
单选题
The author suggests that the basic role of the teacher in the educational system should be ______.
【正确答案】
D
【答案解析】文章指出现有的教育体系中，教师do most of the talking 和try to tell them every thing，而这种模式并不能满足学生不同的需要，导致学生feel little enthusiasm and even outright hostility。因此作者认为教师应和所有的教学资源结合起来最大限度地创造有效的学习环境，也就是说教师不应仅仅是单纯的课堂教学，而应该采用不同的教学方式。故选项D正确。
单选题
The negative reactions of students to technology are the result of ______.
【正确答案】
C
【答案解析】文章指出学生之所以反对科技在教学中的应用是因为technology used as a means．．．levels of understanding，也就是说，科技的不正当使用导致了学生的反感。故选项C正确。
单选题
All of the following are mentioned as a capability of technological media EXCEPT their ability to ______.