单选题
Innovation, the effective recipe of progress, has always cost people their jobs. Over the past 30 years the digital revolution has 28 many of the mid-skill jobs that supported 20th-century middle-class life. Typists, ticket agents, bank tellers and many production-line jobs have been 29 with. For those who believe that technological progress has made the world a better place, such change is a natural part of rising 30 . Although innovation kills some jobs, it creates new and better ones, as a more productive society becomes richer and its wealthier inhabitants 31 more goods and services. A hundred years ago one in three American workers was employed on a farm. Today less than 2% of them produce far more food. The millions freed from the land were not delivered to joblessness, but found better-paid work as the economy grew more 32 . Today the pool of secretaries has 33 , but there are ever more computer programmers and web designers. Optimism remains the right starting-point, but for Workers the dislocating (扰乱的) effects of technology may make themselves evident faster than its benefit. Even if new jobs and 34 products emerge, in the short term income gaps will widen, causing huge social dislocation and perhaps even changing politics. Technology's impact will feel like a tornado, hitting the rich world first, but 35 sweeping through poorer countries too. Worse, it seems likely that this wave of technological 36 to the job market has only just started. From driverless cars to clever household devices, innovations that already exist could destroy jobs that have 37 been untouched. A. prosperity E. partition I. conversely M. demand B. dispensed F. eventually J. shrunk N. complicated C. inquire G. sophisticated K. fragile O. hitherto D. wonderful H. displaced L. disruption
问答题
【正确答案】H
【答案解析】此处需填入谓语动词,由空格前的has可知是过去分词形式。上句说到创新总是以人们失去工作为代价,由cost people their jobs可知本句应表示数字革命对中等技能工作带来了负面的影响,displaced“取代”符合语意逻辑。 [参考译文] 创新是进步的灵药,却总是以人们失去工作为代价。在过去的30年里,数字革命取代了20世纪中产阶级赖以为生的许多中等技能工作。打字员、票务代理、银行出纳员以及许多生产线上的工作都不再需要了。 对于那些相信科技进步已让世界变得更美好的人而言,这种变化是社会日益繁荣的自然过程。尽管创新消灭了一些工作,但随着生产力的提高,社会日益富有,富裕起来的居民需要更多商品和服务,更好的新工作机会也随之出现了。一百年前,1/3的美国人在农场工作。但今天,仅不到2%的美国人就可以生产出更多的食物。从土地上解放出来的数百万人并没有失业,反而随着经济体系变得越来越先进完备,找到了薪水更高的工作。今天,以秘书为职业的人数已经减少,但出现了越来越多的计算机程序员和网页设计师。 乐观仍然是正确的出发点,但对于工人而言,技术所带来的破坏性影响可能会比其带来的好处明显更快出现。即使出现了新的就业机会和优秀的产品,收入差距在短期内还是会拉大,这会造成巨大的社会混乱,甚至可能改变政治格局。科技的影响就像是龙卷风,首先冲击富裕世界,但最终也会扫荡贫穷的国家。更糟的是,科技扰乱就业市场的浪潮似乎才刚刚开始。从无人驾驶汽车到智能家用设备,现有的各种创新可能毁灭很多迄今未触及的工作。
【答案解析】空格前后的inhabitants和goods and services都是名词成分,故此处应填入谓语动词;由并列句中的becomes可知句子使用了一般现在时,故此处动词应为原形。词库中语义逻辑相符的是demand“要求;需要”,表示生产力提高的社会日益富有,而富裕起来的居民“需要”更多商品和服务。
【答案解析】空格所在部分是现在分词结构,sweeping与上文hitting并列,逻辑主语都是Technology's impact。由上文修饰hitting the rich world的first“首先”,可知此处修饰sweeping...的副词应为eventually“终于,最后”,表示科技的影响首先冲击富裕世界,但最终也会扫荡贫穷的国家。
问答题
【正确答案】L
【答案解析】此处需填入technological修饰的名词,且能与空格后的to搭配,由上文的Technology's impact可知此处也应表示科技对就业市场(to the job market)的某种影响。根据下文的destroy jobs可知这种影响是负面的,disruption“中断,破坏”符合用法及句意逻辑。partition“分割”也能与to搭配,但意思不对。
问答题
【正确答案】O
【答案解析】空格在have been之间,故应填入副词。hitherto“迄今”符合语义,表示现有的各种创新可能毁灭很多“迄今”未触及的工作。注意本句的already exist虽与have been untouched相反,但它们分别修饰innovations与jobs,故不能用conversely“相反”说明从未触及的工作。