单选题
Eskimo villages today are larger and more complex
than the traditional nomadic groups of Eskimo kinsmen. Village decision-making
is organized through community councils and co-operative boards of directors,
institutions which the Eskimos were encouraged by the government to adopt. They
have been more readily accepted in villages like Fort Chimo where there is an
individualistic village ethos and where ties of kinship are less important than
in the rural village such as Port Burwell, where communal sharing between
kinsmen is more emphasized. Greater contact with southern Canadians and better
educational facilities have shown Fort Chimo Eskimos that it is possible to
argue and negotiate within the government rather than to acquiesce (勉强接受)
passively in its policies. The old-age paternalism of southern
Canadians over the Eskimos has died more slowly in rural villages where Eskimos
have been more reluctant to voice their opinions aggressively. This has been a
frustration to government officials trying to develop local leadership among the
Eskimos, but a blessing to other departments whose plans have been accepted
without local obstruction. In rural areas the obligations of kinship often run
counter to the best interests of the village and potential leaders were
restrained from making positive contributions to the village council. More
recently, however, the educated Eskimos have been voicing the interests of those
in the rural areas. They are trying to persuade the government to recognize the
rights of full-time hunters, by protecting their hunting territories from mining
and oil prospectors, for example, the efforts of this active minority are
percolating through to the remoter villages whose inhabitants are becoming
increasingly vocal. Continuing change is inevitable but future
development policy in Ungava must recognize that most Eskimos remain much of
their traditional outlook on life. New schemes should focus on resources that
the Eskimos are used to handling, as the Port Burwell projects have done, rather
than on enterprises such as mining where effort is all too easily harmed over to
an unskilled labour force. The musk-ox project at Fort Chimo and the tourist
lodge at George River are new directions for future development but there are
traps.
单选题
People are more favourably disposed to village councils in places where
______ .
A. they were more accustomed to working independently for a living
B. they are already accustomed to .co-operating
C. they are in general better educated
D. there is already communal ownership of goods
【正确答案】
A
【答案解析】
单选题
An acquaintance with outsiders has taught the Eskimos that ______ .
A. they can achieve greater independence
B. they can Stand up for their rights
C. they can gain by opposing the government
D. they should not accept anything the government orders
【正确答案】
B
【答案解析】
单选题
What was the attitude of Canadians towards Eskimos in the past?
A. They were a useful source of unskilled labour.
B. The Canadians had the responsibility of looking after them for the
Eskimos' own good.
C. They should, be encouraged to carry out useful government projects.
D. They should be kept under firm government control.
【正确答案】
B
【答案解析】
单选题
The Eskimos' uncritical acceptance of outside control has ______ .
A. caused considerable annoyance to the government.
B. been generally welcome to the officials in charge
C. caused difficulties to those trying to encourage responsibility
D. caused problems to officials administering these territories
【正确答案】
C
【答案解析】
单选题
According to the text, more government assistance is needed for the
Eskimos in ______ .
A. providing schools
B. encouraging agricultural production
C. promoting industrial job possibilities
D. safeguarding their traditional means of livelihood