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Pharmacogenetics—also known as pharmacogenomics—is the study of how genes influence a person's response to drugs. It has always been obvious that different people respond differently to the same medication. However, it has usually not been known why. The promise of pharmacogenetics is to alter this situation by allowing doctors to select treatments based on the genetic makeup of each individual patient. Pharmacogenetics will also allow prescriptions to be calculated based on a person's genetics rather than purely their weight and age. Vaccines will also be able to be genetically targeted, with different strains for different patient DNA profiles. In addition, pharmacogenetics will allow medicines that work very well in some people but cause major side effects in others to be safely brought to market as it will be known who will react badly to them and who will not.
药物遗传学，也叫做药物基因组学，是一项关于基因如何影响人类对药物的反应的研究。不同的患者对同 一种药物会产生不同的反应，这一点一直都是显而易见的。不过，这其中的原因却通常不为我们所知。药 物遗传学有望改变这一局面，它能够让医生根据每位患者的基因组成来选择不同的治疗方法。药物遗传学 还可以让医生根据患者的基因，而非根据患者的年龄和体重来配药。疫苗也可以做到具有基因针对性，即 根据患者的DNA图谱来提供不同的菌株。此外，药物遗传学还可以让对于某些患者具有显著疗效，而对于 另一些患者却具有明显副作用的药物能够安全投放市场。因为，药物遗传学可以帮助我们知道哪些患者在 服用这些药后会出现不良反应，而哪些患者则不会。