单选题 Many plant varieties used in industrially developed nations to improve cultivated crops come from less-developed nations. No compensation is paid on the grounds that the plants used are "the common heritage of humanity." Such reasoning is, however, flawed. After all, no one suggests that coal, oil, and ores should be extracted without payment.
Which of the following best describes an aspect of the method used by the author in the argument above?

A、 The author proceeds from a number of specific observations to a tentative generalization.
B、 The author applies to the case under discussion facts about phenomena assumed to be similar in some relevant respect.
C、 A position is strengthened by showing that the opposite of that position would have logically absurd consequences.
D、 A line of reasoning is called into question on the grounds that it confuses cause and effect in a causal relation.
E、 (E) An argument is analyzed by separating statements of fact from individual value judgments.

【正确答案】 B

【答案解析】[解析] 作者在以上论证时把“没有人提出煤、石油和矿石可以不付费地进行开采”，应用到“工业发达国家用来改善其栽培作物的植物种类却未支付补偿”这种情况中，且假定两者类似。(B)很好地描述了上面推理过程。所以(B)正确。(C)讨论到“对立面”，但对立面的讨论对象应为全集，但植物+煤、油、矿石≠全集，所以(C)不正确；只有在段落推理过程中说了两件事情，且告知这两件事情发生的先后顺序，但后面运用时又把这两件事情谁前谁后搞反时，(D)才能为正确答案。