填空题 News reports often focus on disputes among scientists over the validity of preliminary (untested) data, hypotheses, and models (which by definition are tentative). This aspect of science- 1 because it has not been widely 2 and accepted-is called frontier science. The media 3 to focus on frontier science because its so-called "breakthroughs" make good news stories. Just because something is in the 4 of frontier science, 5 , does not mean that it isn''t worthy of serious consideration; 6 , such matters need further study to determine their 7 .    8 contrast, consensus science consists of data, models, theories, and laws that are widely accepted. This aspect of science is very reliable but is 9 considered newsworthy. The trouble is that the word science is used to 10 both frontier and consensus science, without 11 The media preference 12 frontier science gives the public the 13 impression that frontier science 14 very certain conclusions, which may or may not be correct.   However, 15 some frontier science is later shown to be unreliable, members of the public often falsely 16 that consensus science is also quite uncertain. We need to take both frontier and consensus science 17 but recognize their differences. One way to find out what scientists generally agree 18 is to seek out reports by scientific bodies that attempt to 19 consensus in 20 areas of science and technology.
【正确答案】 A
【答案解析】此处需一形容词,修饰其前的This aspect of science。根据前一句中的 disputes(争论)和此句末的frontier science(探索性科学;尖端性科学),B、D两项可立即排除。C项debatable侧重于“辩论,争辩”。A项controversial指“可引起争论 (argument,disagreement)的”,符合文意,为最佳选择。 凡实义词(动词、名词、形容词、副词)填空题,须根据上下文的语义关系进行推断。
【正确答案】 B
【答案解析】与上题类似,据前句中的untested(未经检验的),此处选B最恰当。 A. checked(核对,察看),C.approved(证实)和D.confirmed(确认)皆不如B恰当。
【正确答案】 B
【答案解析】这4个词皆可用作插入语或连接用语,但表示的关系不同:thereby表示因果关系,however表示转折关系,moreover表示附加关系,notwithstanding表示让步关系。此句主句的谓语为否定式,而其前一句为肯定,故用however最恰当。遇有连词或连接用语的填空题,主要须依上下文的逻辑关系判定。
【正确答案】 A
【答案解析】与上题类似,rather在此用作表示转折关系的连接用语,与前句否定谓语相对应,相当于instead。otherwise相当于 if not,用在这里不合逻辑。anyway=anyhow,表示让步关系。therefore相当于for that reason。
【正确答案】 C
【答案解析】此文起始句提到,科学家们对原始数据、假说和模型的validity(有效性;确实性)有争议。这里选用reliability(可靠性;确实性)恰好与validity一致。
【正确答案】 A
【答案解析】by contrast(相比之下)是惯用短语,这里指consensus science (公认的科学)与frontier science相比。若表示“与……相比”,则用by/in contrast with/to。易与此混淆的另一组短语是:by contraries(与预期的相反;相反地),on the contrary (正相反),to the contrary(相反的/地;尽管)。
【正确答案】 D
【答案解析】but是表示转折关系的连词,其前是肯定句,其后应为否定句,故空白处需一否定词,因此答案非rarely(不常,很少)莫属。其余3词皆无否定意义。
【正确答案】 D
【答案解析】describe:give a picture of sth.in words(描述),用于此处最合适。refer作“提到;指”解时,后须接介词to。 indicate(指出;表明),modify(修改,修饰),皆不合句意。
【正确答案】 B
【答案解析】当句中有all,both,every等词时,常用without distinction(无区别地)或 without distinction of(不分……地)作状语。此句中有both,故应选distinction。 exception意为exclusion(例外,除外),也有类似用法,但语义不同。例如:All candidates must take the examination of a foreign language without exception.(所有报考者无一例外,均须参加一门外语考试。)此句中不宜用distinction。 discrimination意为treating differently;making distinctions(区别对待;歧视),亦可与 without搭配。例如:The applicants were judged without discrimination as to sex,race, or color.(申请人在评审中未受到性别、种族或肤色方面的歧视。) presumption(假定;推测)不合句意
【正确答案】 C
【答案解析】preference作liking better(偏爱;喜欢)解时,后接介词for。例如:He has a preference for detective stories.(他喜欢读侦探小说。)据此,C是当然选项。请注意区别:have apreference of sth.to another意为“喜欢某物甚于另一物”;choose sth.in reference to any other意为“宁愿选择某物而不要其他”。凡遇介词填空题时,必须考虑其前后的搭配关系。
【正确答案】 B
【答案解析】第一段提到,探索性科学是未经广泛验证与承认的。此句中impression后的同位语从句中有very certain conclusions(十分确定的结论),其空白处所给的4个动词都是肯定意义的,与前一段矛盾。据此判断,这里用一含否定意义的形容词方可使前后意思一致,故只有false(虚假的,不真实的)可以入选。 virtual可译为“虚的,虚拟的,”例如:virtual memory(虚拟存储器),并无明确的否定意义。
【正确答案】 A
【答案解析】present在此意为offer;put forward(提供;提出),可与conclusions搭配,为正确选项。reach亦可与conclusion搭配,意为arrive at(达成,取得)。其余2词未见此种搭配。
【正确答案】 D
【答案解析】tend to focus on(倾向于/往往集中注意于)与起始句中的often focus on意思一致,为正确答案。其余3词虽其后皆可接不定式,但词义各有不同。
【正确答案】 C
【答案解析】连词试题须依句子间的逻辑关系求解。主句中有副词often,表明这是概括性的陈述句,选when最恰当。
【正确答案】 B
【答案解析】根据句意,只有conclude(arrive at a belief得出结论)可取。 imagine(想象),predict(预言)和perceive(察觉)皆不合句意。
【正确答案】 D
【答案解析】所给4个副词意思各不相同:identically:同一/样地;uniformly:一致/贯地; cautiously:谨慎地;seriously:in earnest(认真地)。take sth.seriously意为“认真对待;重视”。
【正确答案】 A
【答案解析】动词agree+on/upon sth.意为have the same opinion about sth.(在……方面达成一致意见;商定),故on为此句最佳答案,其宾语是what。 agree with sb.(同意某人意见),agree to sth.(赞成,通常指所说的话、建议、请求、计划等)。agree与in无固定搭配关系。
【正确答案】 A
【答案解析】summarize意为make a short general acount out of sth.(概述,总结),后接 consensus(一致意见),与其前的what scientists generally agree on相一致,为正确选项。 systematize(系统化),recognize(承认),revitalize(使复苏),皆不适用。此题特点是四个动词皆以-ize结尾,但词义各异,为识别性词汇题。
【正确答案】 D
【答案解析】与上题类似,首先要识别词义,然后根据句意逻辑决定取舍。latent(潜在的),intact(未触动的),odd(奇怪的)。显然,在科技领域中,是不会有这样的 consensus的,因而它们是不合逻辑的。只有key(essential;important基本的;重要的,关键的)一词符合句意,答案非它莫属。
【正确答案】 C
【答案解析】realm在此意为region,world,area(领域),符合句意。 A. hedge(障碍;界限),B.circle(集团,……界――指人),D. scope(范围――指活动,影响等)皆不适用。