填空题
News reports often focus on disputes among scientists over the validity of preliminary (untested) data, hypotheses, and models (which by definition are tentative). This aspect of science- 1 because it has not been widely 2 and accepted-is called frontier science. The media 3 to focus on frontier science because its so-called "breakthroughs" make good news stories. Just because something is in the 4 of frontier science, 5 , does not mean that it isn''t worthy of serious consideration; 6 , such matters need further study to determine their 7 .
8 contrast, consensus science consists of data, models, theories, and laws that are widely accepted. This aspect of science is very reliable but is 9 considered newsworthy. The trouble is that the word science is used to 10 both frontier and consensus science, without 11 The media preference 12 frontier science gives the public the 13 impression that frontier science 14 very certain conclusions, which may or may not be correct.
However, 15 some frontier science is later shown to be unreliable, members of the public often falsely 16 that consensus science is also quite uncertain. We need to take both frontier and consensus science 17 but recognize their differences. One way to find out what scientists generally agree 18 is to seek out reports by scientific bodies that attempt to 19 consensus in 20 areas of science and technology.
【正确答案】
A
【答案解析】此处需一形容词,修饰其前的This aspect of science。根据前一句中的 disputes(争论)和此句末的frontier science(探索性科学;尖端性科学),B、D两项可立即排除。C项debatable侧重于“辩论,争辩”。A项controversial指“可引起争论 (argument,disagreement)的”,符合文意,为最佳选择。
凡实义词(动词、名词、形容词、副词)填空题,须根据上下文的语义关系进行推断。
【正确答案】
B
【答案解析】与上题类似,据前句中的untested(未经检验的),此处选B最恰当。
A. checked(核对,察看),C.approved(证实)和D.confirmed(确认)皆不如B恰当。
【答案解析】describe:give a picture of sth.in words(描述),用于此处最合适。refer作“提到;指”解时,后须接介词to。 indicate(指出;表明),modify(修改,修饰),皆不合句意。
【正确答案】
B
【答案解析】当句中有all,both,every等词时,常用without distinction(无区别地)或 without distinction of(不分……地)作状语。此句中有both,故应选distinction。 exception意为exclusion(例外,除外),也有类似用法,但语义不同。例如:All candidates must take the examination of a foreign language without exception.(所有报考者无一例外,均须参加一门外语考试。)此句中不宜用distinction。 discrimination意为treating differently;making distinctions(区别对待;歧视),亦可与 without搭配。例如:The applicants were judged without discrimination as to sex,race, or color.(申请人在评审中未受到性别、种族或肤色方面的歧视。) presumption(假定;推测)不合句意
【正确答案】
C
【答案解析】preference作liking better(偏爱;喜欢)解时,后接介词for。例如:He has a preference for detective stories.(他喜欢读侦探小说。)据此,C是当然选项。请注意区别:have apreference of sth.to another意为“喜欢某物甚于另一物”;choose sth.in reference to any other意为“宁愿选择某物而不要其他”。凡遇介词填空题时,必须考虑其前后的搭配关系。
【正确答案】
B
【答案解析】第一段提到,探索性科学是未经广泛验证与承认的。此句中impression后的同位语从句中有very certain conclusions(十分确定的结论),其空白处所给的4个动词都是肯定意义的,与前一段矛盾。据此判断,这里用一含否定意义的形容词方可使前后意思一致,故只有false(虚假的,不真实的)可以入选。 virtual可译为“虚的,虚拟的,”例如:virtual memory(虚拟存储器),并无明确的否定意义。
【答案解析】动词agree+on/upon sth.意为have the same opinion about sth.(在……方面达成一致意见;商定),故on为此句最佳答案,其宾语是what。 agree with sb.(同意某人意见),agree to sth.(赞成,通常指所说的话、建议、请求、计划等)。agree与in无固定搭配关系。
【正确答案】
A
【答案解析】summarize意为make a short general acount out of sth.(概述,总结),后接 consensus(一致意见),与其前的what scientists generally agree on相一致,为正确选项。 systematize(系统化),recognize(承认),revitalize(使复苏),皆不适用。此题特点是四个动词皆以-ize结尾,但词义各异,为识别性词汇题。